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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. RocksDB vs. SAP IQ

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. RocksDB vs. SAP IQ

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRocksDB  Xexclude from comparisonSAP IQ infoformer name: Sybase IQ  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLEmbeddable persistent key-value store optimized for fast storage (flash and RAM)Columnar RDBMS optimized for Big Data analytics
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Key-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn-oriented
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score3.41
Rank#86  Overall
#11  Key-value stores
Score2.64
Rank#108  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgwww.postgresql.orgrocksdb.orgwww.sap.com/­products/­technology-platform/­sybase-iq-big-data-management.html
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsgithub.com/­facebook/­rocksdb/­wikihelp.sap.com/­docs/­SAP_IQ
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerFacebook, Inc.SAP, formerly Sybase
Initial release198420181989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20131994
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 202316.3, May 20249.2.1, May 202416.1 SPS04, April 2019
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoBSDcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
LinuxAIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
C++ API
Java API
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
C
C++
Go
Java
Perl
Python
Ruby
C
C#
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noyes
Triggersyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashhorizontal partitioningshared disk or shared nothing architectures with SAP IQ Multiplexer
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyesSAP/Sybase Replication Server
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and SparknonoHadoop integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDyesACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBPostgreSQLRocksDBSAP IQ infoformer name: Sybase IQ
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