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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb vs. Tibero

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb vs. Tibero

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonQuasardb  Xexclude from comparisonTibero  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLDistributed, high-performance timeseries databaseA secure RDBMS, designed for easy portability from Oracle
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.14
Rank#332  Overall
#29  Time Series DBMS
Score1.78
Rank#140  Overall
#64  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgwww.postgresql.orgquasar.aius.tmaxsoft.com/­products/­tibero
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlwww.postgresql.org/­docsdoc.quasar.ai/­mastertechnet.tmaxsoft.com/­upload/­download/­online/­tibero/­pver-20150504-000002/­index.html
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerquasardbTmaxSoft
Initial release198420181989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20092003
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 202316.3, May 20243.14.1, January 20246, April 2015
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDcommercial infoFree community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licensescommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCC++C and Assembler
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infointeger and binaryyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.noyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infowith tagsyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languageyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query languageyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP APIJDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Tibero CLI
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
C
C#
C++
Cobol
Java
Objective-C
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noPersistent Stored Procedure (PSM)
Triggersyesyesyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infoconsistent hashinghorizontal partitioning infoby range, hash, list or composite
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication with selectable replication factorMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknowith Hadoop integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoby using LevelDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes infoTransient modeno infoplanned for next version
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardCryptographically strong user authentication and audit trailfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard (SQL 92, SQL 99)

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBPostgreSQLQuasardbTibero
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