DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostGIS vs. RisingWave

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server vs. PostGIS vs. RisingWave

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Spatial extension of PostgreSQL

A distributed RDBMS for stream processing, wire-compatible with PostgreSQL

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.31
Rank	#164	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Score	21.72
Rank	#29	Overall
	#1	Spatial DBMS

Score	0.64
Rank	#238	Overall
	#110	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

postgis.net

www.risingwave.com/database

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

postgis.net/documentation

docs.risingwave.com/docs/current/intro

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Microsoft

RisingWave Labs

Initial release

1984

2018

1989

2005

2022

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.1.0, April 2023

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

3.4.2, February 2024

1.2, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

restricted free version is available

Open Source

GPL v2.0

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Rust

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

Linux
Windows

Docker
Linux
macOS

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Standard SQL-types and JSON

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
Native API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

JDBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

user defined functions

UDFs in Python or Java

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

yes

based on PostgreSQL

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

yes

based on PostgreSQL

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

yes

based on PostgreSQL

Users and Roles

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