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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. GraphDB vs. Hypertable vs. PostgreSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. GraphDB vs. Hypertable vs. PostgreSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonHypertable  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparison
Hypertable has stopped its further development with March 2016 and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.An open source BigTable implementation based on distributed file systems such as HadoopWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Wide column storeRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score3.32
Rank#91  Overall
#6  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgwww.ontotext.comwww.postgresql.org
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docs
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationOntotextHypertable Inc.PostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developer
Initial release19842018200020091989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 202310.4, October 20230.9.8.11, March 201616.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Source infoGNU version 3. Commercial license availableOpen Source infoBSD
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
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Implementation languageJavaJavaC++C
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)All OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows infoan inofficial Windows port is available
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.
Secondary indexesyesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesrestricted infoonly exact value or prefix value scansyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languagestored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnoyes infostandard with numerous extensions
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
C++ API
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
C++
Java
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyeswell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilitynouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.
Triggersyesyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)noneShardingpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasMulti-source replicationselectable replication factor on file system levelSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensions
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes infoConstraint checkingnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMHypertablePostgreSQL
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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