DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. FatDB vs. Immudb

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. FatDB vs. Immudb

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

FatDB/FatCloud has ceased operations as a company with February 2014. FatDB is discontinued and excluded from the ranking.

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and Flink

A .NET NoSQL DBMS that can integrate with and extend SQL Server.

An open source immutable (append-only) database with cryptographic verification which makes it tamper-resistant and fully auditable.

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

Document store
Key-value store

Key-value store

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.31
Rank	#164	Overall
	#14	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.31
Rank	#295	Overall
	#42	Key-value stores

Website

www.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org

github.com/codenotary/immudb
immudb.io

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

iotdb.apache.org/UserGuide/Master/QuickStart/QuickStart.html

docs.immudb.io

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

FatCloud

Codenotary

Initial release

1984

2018

2012

2020

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.1.0, April 2023

1.2.3, April 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)

Windows

BSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL-like query language

Via inetgration in SQL Server

SQL-like syntax

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
Native API

.NET Client API
LINQ
RESTful HTTP API
RPC
Windows WCF Bindings

gRPC protocol
PostgreSQL wire protocol

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

via applications

Triggers

yes

via applications

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

horizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicas

selectable replication factor

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Integration with Hadoop and Spark

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

yes

Can implement custom security layer via applications

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