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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. EJDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Neo4j

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. EJDB vs. Google Cloud Bigtable vs. Neo4j

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonEJDB  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Bigtable  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkEmbeddable document-store database library with JSON representation of queries (in MongoDB style)Google's NoSQL Big Data database service. It's the same database that powers many core Google services, including Search, Analytics, Maps, and Gmail.Scalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offerings
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument storeKey-value store
Wide column store
Graph DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score0.27
Rank#297  Overall
#44  Document stores
Score3.26
Rank#92  Overall
#13  Key-value stores
#8  Wide column stores
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orggithub.com/­Softmotions/­ejdbcloud.google.com/­bigtableneo4j.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmlgithub.com/­Softmotions/­ejdb/­blob/­master/­README.mdcloud.google.com/­bigtable/­docsneo4j.com/­docs
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationSoftmotionsGoogleNeo4j, Inc.
Initial release19842018201220152007
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 20235.19, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2commercialOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageJavaCJava, Scala
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)server-lesshostedLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeschema-free and schema-optional
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, bool, date, object_idnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesnonoyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languagenonono
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
in-process shared librarygRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HappyBase (Python library)
HBase compatible API (Java)
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
Actionscript
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lua
Objective-C
Pike
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesnonoyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functions
Triggersyesyesnonoyes infovia event handler
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)noneShardingyes using Neo4j Fabric
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasnoneInternal replication in Colossus, and regional replication between two clusters in different zonesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version only
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate consistency (for a single cluster), Eventual consistency (for two or more replicated clusters)Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnono infotypically not needed, however similar functionality with collection joins possiblenoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnonoAtomic single-row operationsACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoRead/Write Lockingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)Users, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBEJDBGoogle Cloud BigtableNeo4j
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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