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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. CouchDB vs. FoundationDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. CouchDB vs. FoundationDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"  Xexclude from comparisonFoundationDB  Xexclude from comparison
Created as commercial project in 2013, FoundationDB has been acquired by Apple in March 2015 and was withdrawn from the market. As a consequence, the product was removed from the DB-Engines ranking. In April 2018, Apple open-sourced FoundationDB and it therefore reappears in the ranking.
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkA native JSON - document store inspired by Lotus Notes, scalable from globally distributed server-clusters down to mobile phones.Ordered key-value store. Core features are complimented by layers.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument storeDocument store infosupported via specific layer
Key-value store
Relational DBMS infosupported via specific SQL-layer
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infousing the Geocouch extension
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.18
Rank#173  Overall
#15  Time Series DBMS
Score9.30
Rank#45  Overall
#7  Document stores
Score1.03
Rank#190  Overall
#31  Document stores
#28  Key-value stores
#89  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgcouchdb.apache.orggithub.com/­apple/­foundationdb
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmldocs.couchdb.org/­en/­stableapple.github.io/­foundationdb
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationApache Software Foundation infoApache top-level project, originally developed by Damien Katz, a former Lotus Notes developerFoundationDB
Initial release1984201820052013
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 20233.3.3, December 20236.2.28, November 2020
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaErlangC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)Android
BSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-free infosome layers support schemas
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesnono infosome layers support typing
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesyesyesyes infovia viewsno
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languagenosupported in specific SQL layer only
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
C
C#
ColdFusion
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
Ruby
Smalltalk
.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
PHP
Python
Ruby
Swift
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesView functions in JavaScriptin SQL-layer only
Triggersyesyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Sharding infoimproved architecture with release 2.0Sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparkyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Eventual ConsistencyLinearizable consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoin SQL-layer only
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnono infoatomic operations within a single document possibleACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infostrategy: optimistic lockingyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesAccess rights for users can be defined per databaseno

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBCouchDB infostands for "Cluster Of Unreliable Commodity Hardware"FoundationDB
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