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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. ArcadeDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache IoTDB vs. ArcadeDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. TimescaleDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache IoTDB  Xexclude from comparisonArcadeDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDB  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn IoT native database with high performance for data management and analysis, deployable on the edge and the cloud and integrated with Hadoop, Spark and FlinkFast and scalable multi-model DBMS, originally forked from OrientDB but most of the code has been rewrittenGlobally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database serviceA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Time Series DBMS infoin next version
Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#164  Overall
#14  Time Series DBMS
Score0.10
Rank#358  Overall
#48  Document stores
#38  Graph DBMS
#52  Key-value stores
#35  Time Series DBMS
Score27.71
Rank#27  Overall
#4  Document stores
#2  Graph DBMS
#3  Key-value stores
#3  Wide column stores
Score4.46
Rank#71  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comiotdb.apache.orgarcadedb.comazure.microsoft.com/­services/­cosmos-dbwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comiotdb.apache.org/­UserGuide/­Master/­QuickStart/­QuickStart.htmldocs.arcadedb.comlearn.microsoft.com/­azure/­cosmos-dbdocs.timescale.com
Developer4D, IncApache Software FoundationArcade DataMicrosoftTimescale
Initial release19842018202120142017
Current releasev20, April 20231.1.0, April 2023September 20212.15.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaJavaC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
All OS with a Java VM (>= 1.8)All OS with a Java VMhostedLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infoJSON typesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infoAll properties auto-indexed by defaultyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL-like query languageSQL-like query language, no joinsSQL-like query languageyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
Native API
JDBC
MongoDB API
OpenCypher
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Redis API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
TinkerPop Gremlin
DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
Python
Scala
Java.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyesJavaScriptuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
TriggersyesyesJavaScriptyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonehorizontal partitioning (by time range) + vertical partitioning (by deviceId)Sharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationselectable replication methods; using Raft/IoTConsensus algorithm to ensure strong/eventual data consistency among multiple replicasSource-replica replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoIntegration with Hadoop and Sparknowith Hadoop integration infoIntegration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*no
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Strong Consistency with Raft
Immediate ConsistencyBounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infoConsistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyes inforelationship in graphsnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDMulti-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partitionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsyesAccess rights can be defined down to the item levelfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache IoTDBArcadeDBMicrosoft Azure Cosmos DB infoformer name was Azure DocumentDBTimescaleDB
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