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DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Druid vs. PostgreSQL vs. Quasardb vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonApache Druid  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonQuasardb  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOpen-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality dataWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLDistributed, high-performance timeseries databaseScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Time Series DBMSGraph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Document store
RDF store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.34
Rank#88  Overall
#48  Relational DBMS
#7  Time Series DBMS
Score645.54
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.14
Rank#332  Overall
#29  Time Series DBMS
Score0.17
Rank#325  Overall
#29  Graph DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comdruid.apache.orgwww.postgresql.orgquasar.aiterminusdb.com
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdruid.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­designwww.postgresql.org/­docsdoc.quasar.ai/­masterterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#
Developer4D, IncApache Software Foundation and contributorsPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerquasardbDataChemist Ltd.
Initial release198420121989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20092018
Current releasev20, April 202329.0.1, April 202416.2, February 20243.14.1, January 202411.0.0, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoApache license v2Open Source infoBSDcommercial infoFree community edition, Non-profit organizations and non-commercial usage are eligible for free licensesOpen Source infoGPL V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageJavaCC++Prolog, Rust
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Data schemeyesyes infoschema-less columns are supportedyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infointeger and binaryyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.nono
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes infowith tags
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92SQL for queryingyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query languageSQL-like query language (WOQL)
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP APIOWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
JavaScript
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesnouser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.noyes
Triggersyesnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infomanual/auto, time-basedpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashSharding infoconsistent hashingGraph Partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage enginesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replication with selectable replication factorJournaling Streams
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononowith Hadoop integrationno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDnoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes infoby using LevelDByes infoin-memory journaling
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyes infoTransient mode
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsRBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and systemfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardCryptographically strong user authentication and audit trailRole-based access control

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionApache DruidPostgreSQLQuasardbTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist
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