DBMS > 4D vs. Apache Drill vs. Apache Impala vs. ArangoDB vs. SQLite

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Apache Drill vs. Apache Impala vs. ArangoDB vs. SQLite

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Schema-free SQL Query Engine for Hadoop, NoSQL and Cloud Storage

Analytic DBMS for Hadoop

Native multi-model DBMS for graph, document, key/value and search. All in one engine and accessible with one query language.

Widely used embeddable, in-process RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Search engine

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.37
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.90
Rank	#126	Overall
	#23	Document stores
	#60	Relational DBMS

Score	10.63
Rank	#40	Overall
	#24	Relational DBMS

Score	3.30
Rank	#82	Overall
	#14	Document stores
	#5	Graph DBMS
	#10	Key-value stores
	#10	Search engines

Score	103.35
Rank	#10	Overall
	#7	Relational DBMS

Website

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

drill.apache.org/docs

impala.apache.org/impala-docs.html

docs.arangodb.com

www.sqlite.org/docs.html

Social network pages

Developer

4D, Inc

Apache Software Foundation

Apache top-level project, originally developed by Cloudera

ArangoDB Inc.

Dwayne Richard Hipp

Initial release

1984

2012

2013

2012

2000

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.20.3, January 2023

4.1.0, June 2022

3.11.5, November 2023

3.46.1 (13 August 2024), August 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2; Commercial license (Enterprise) available

Open Source

Public Domain

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

ArangoDB Cloud –The Managed Cloud Service of ArangoDB. Provides fully managed, and monitored cluster deployments of any size, with enterprise-grade security. Get started for free and continue for as little as $0,21/hour.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

server-less

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-free

automatically recognizes schema within a collection

yes

dynamic column types

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, double, boolean, list, hash

yes

not rigid because of 'dynamic typing' concept.

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL SELECT statement is SQL:2003 compliant

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

yes

SQL-92 is not fully supported

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
ODBC

AQL
Foxx Framework
Graph API (Gremlin)
GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Java & SpringData
JSON style queries
VelocyPack/VelocyStream

ADO.NET

inofficial driver
JDBC

inofficial driver
ODBC

inofficial driver

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C++

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

C#
C++
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Rust

Actionscript
Ada
Basic
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Forth
Fortran
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
PL/SQL
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Scheme
Smalltalk
Tcl

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

yes

user defined functions and integration of map-reduce

JavaScript

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

since version 2.0

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

selectable replication factor

Source-replica replication with configurable replication factor

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

query execution via MapReduce

can be done with stored procedures in JavaScript

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Eventual Consistency

configurable per collection or per write
Immediate Consistency
OneShard (highly available, fault-tolerant deployment mode with ACID semantics)

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

via file-system locks

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

Depending on the underlying data source

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Depending on the underlying data source

Access rights for users, groups and roles

based on Apache Sentry and Kerberos

yes

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Graph and Beyond. With more than 11,000 stargazers on GitHub, ArangoDB is the leading...
» more

Competitive advantages

Consolidation: As a native multi-model database, can be used as a full blown document...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Native multi-model in ArangoDB is being used for a broad range of projects across...
» more

Key customers

Cisco, Barclays, Refinitive, Siemens Mentor, Kabbage, Liaison, Douglas, MakeMyTrip,...
» more

Market metrics

ArangoDB is the leading native multi-model database with over 11,000 stargazers on...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Very permissive Apache 2 License for Community Edition & commercial licenses are...
» more

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