DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Datomic vs. Graphite

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Datomic vs. Graphite

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Datomic builds on immutable values, supports point-in-time queries and uses 3rd party systems for durability

Data logging and graphing tool for time series data

The storage layer (fixed size database) is called Whisper

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Time Series DBMS

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Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	1.66
Rank	#144	Overall
	#66	Relational DBMS

Score	4.83
Rank	#67	Overall
	#4	Time Series DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.datomic.com

github.com/graphite-project/graphite-web

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

docs.datomic.com

graphite.readthedocs.io

Developer

4D, Inc

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Cognitect

Chris Davis

Initial release

1984

2012

2006

Current release

v20, April 2023

1.0.7075, December 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java, Clojure

Python

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
Unix

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

Numeric data only

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

HTTP API
Sockets

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Clojure
Java

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

in Python

yes

Transaction Functions

Triggers

yes

By using transaction functions

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

none

But extensive use of caching in the application peers

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

locking

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using external storage systems (e.g. Cassandra, DynamoDB, PostgreSQL, Couchbase and others)

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

recommended only for testing and development

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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