DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. MaxDB vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Citus vs. MaxDB vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

A robust and reliable RDBMS optimized to run all major SAP solutions

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	17.94
Rank	#34	Overall
	#21	Relational DBMS

Score	2.21
Rank	#118	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	2.32
Rank	#112	Overall
	#55	Relational DBMS

Score	1.31
Rank	#163	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/redshift

www.citusdata.com

maxdb.sap.com

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

docs.citusdata.com

maxdb.sap.com/documentation

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

4D, Inc

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

SAP, acquired from Software AG (Adabas-D) in 1997

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

1984

2012

2010

1984

1998

Current release

v20, April 2023

8.1, December 2018

7.9.10.12, February 2024

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

commercial

Limited community edition free

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
Solaris
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
WebDAV

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

.Net
C#
Java
Perl
PHP
Python

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

in Python

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes

PL/SQL

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Source-replica replication

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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