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DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. BigObject vs. EXASOL vs. Google Cloud Spanner

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. BigObject vs. EXASOL vs. Google Cloud Spanner

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAmazon Redshift  Xexclude from comparisonBigObject  Xexclude from comparisonEXASOL  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemLarge scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence toolsAnalytic DBMS for real-time computations and queriesHigh-performance, in-memory, MPP database specifically designed for in-memory analytics.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSRelational DBMS infoa hierachical model (tree) can be imposedRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score16.88
Rank#35  Overall
#22  Relational DBMS
Score0.19
Rank#329  Overall
#146  Relational DBMS
Score1.76
Rank#139  Overall
#62  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#100  Overall
#51  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comaws.amazon.com/­redshiftbigobject.iowww.exasol.comcloud.google.com/­spanner
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comdocs.aws.amazon.com/­redshiftdocs.bigobject.iowww.exasol.com/­resourcescloud.google.com/­spanner/­docs
Developer4D, IncAmazon (based on PostgreSQL)BigObject, Inc.ExasolGoogle
Initial release19842012201520002017
Current releasev20, April 2023
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infofree community edition availablecommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedLinux infodistributed as a docker-image
OS X infodistributed as a docker-image (boot2docker)
Windows infodistributed as a docker-image (boot2docker)
hosted
Data schemeyesyesyesyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesrestrictedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infodoes not fully support an SQL-standardSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
fluentd
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
.Net
JDBC
ODBC
WebSocket
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
All languages supporting JDBC/ODBCJava
Lua
Python
R
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesuser defined functions infoin PythonLuauser defined functionsno
Triggersyesnonoyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneShardingnoneShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyesnoneMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononoyes infoHadoop integrationyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflow
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencynoneImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyes infoinformational only, not enforced by the systemyes infoautomatically between fact table and dimension tablesyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDnoACIDACID infoStrict serializable isolation
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes infoRead/write lock on objects (tables, trees)yesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardnoAccess rights for users, groups and roles according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAmazon RedshiftBigObjectEXASOLGoogle Cloud Spanner
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