DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Druid vs. TerminusDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon Redshift vs. Apache Druid vs. TerminusDB vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Large scale data warehouse service for use with business intelligence tools

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Graph DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	16.88
Rank	#35	Overall
	#22	Relational DBMS

Score	3.25
Rank	#90	Overall
	#47	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.23
Rank	#316	Overall
	#27	Graph DBMS

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/redshift

druid.apache.org

terminusdb.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.aws.amazon.com/redshift

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

4D, Inc

Amazon (based on PostgreSQL)

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

DataChemist Ltd.

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1984

2012

2018

2019

Current release

v20, April 2023

29.0.1, April 2024

11.0.0, January 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache license v2

Open Source

GPL V3

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Prolog, Rust

Clojure

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix

Linux

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-less columns are supported

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

restricted

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

does not fully support an SQL-standard

SQL for querying

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

All languages supporting JDBC/ODBC

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

JavaScript
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

user defined functions

in Python

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Graph Partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

Journaling Streams

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

informational only, not enforced by the system

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory journaling

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Role-based access control

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