DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon DynamoDB vs. Dgraph vs. NuoDB vs. Oracle NoSQL

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon DynamoDB vs. Dgraph vs. NuoDB vs. Oracle NoSQL

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Hosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloud

Distributed and scalable native Graph DBMS

NuoDB is a webscale distributed database that supports SQL and ACID transactions

A multi-model, scalable, distributed NoSQL database, designed to provide highly reliable, flexible, and available data management across a configurable set of storage nodes

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Key-value store

Graph DBMS

Relational DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	74.07
Rank	#17	Overall
	#3	Document stores
	#2	Key-value stores

Score	1.45
Rank	#156	Overall
	#15	Graph DBMS

Score	0.89
Rank	#198	Overall
	#92	Relational DBMS

Score	2.95
Rank	#100	Overall
	#17	Document stores
	#17	Key-value stores
	#50	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

dgraph.io

www.3ds.com/nuodb-distributed-sql-database

www.oracle.com/database/nosql/technologies/nosql

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

dgraph.io/docs

doc.nuodb.com

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/nosql-database/index.html

Developer

4D, Inc

Amazon

Dgraph Labs, Inc.

Dassault Systèmes

originally NuoDB, Inc.

Oracle

Initial release

1984

2012

2016

2013

2011

Current release

v20, April 2023

23.3, December 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free tier for a limited amount of database operations

Open Source

Apache 2.0

commercial

limited edition free

Open Source

Proprietary for Enterprise Edition (Oracle Database EE license has Oracle NoSQL database EE covered: details)

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Amazon EC2, Windows Azure, SoftLayer
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
Solaris SPARC/x86

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Support Fixed schema and Schema-less deployment with the ability to interoperate between them.

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

optional

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API

GraphQL query language
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
HTTP API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC

RESTful HTTP API

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
ColdFusion
Erlang
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

C
C#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Java, SQL

Triggers

yes

by integration with AWS Lambda

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

yes

data is dynamically stored/cached on the nodes where it is read/written

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

Synchronous replication via Raft

yes

Managed transparently by NuoDB

Electable source-replica replication per shard. Support distributed global deployment with Multi-region table feature

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

may be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)

with Hadoop integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be specified for read operations

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and region

ACID

tunable commit protocol

configurable

ACID within a storage node (=shard)

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Temporary table

yes

off heap cache

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

Planned for future releases

Standard SQL roles/ privileges, Administrative Users

Access rights for users and roles

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