DBMS > 4D vs. Amazon DynamoDB vs. Apache Druid vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Amazon DynamoDB vs. Apache Druid vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

Hosted, scalable database service by Amazon with the data stored in Amazons cloud

Open-source analytics data store designed for sub-second OLAP queries on high dimensionality and high cardinality data

Fully managed big data interactive analytics platform

Scalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationships

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Document store
Key-value store

Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS

Relational DBMS

column oriented

Graph DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

If a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types/dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store

this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Document store
RDF store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.58
Rank	#108	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	74.07
Rank	#17	Overall
	#3	Document stores
	#2	Key-value stores

Score	3.34
Rank	#88	Overall
	#48	Relational DBMS
	#7	Time Series DBMS

Score	4.38
Rank	#77	Overall
	#41	Relational DBMS

Score	0.17
Rank	#325	Overall
	#29	Graph DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

druid.apache.org

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

terminusdb.com

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

docs.aws.amazon.com/dynamodb

druid.apache.org/docs/latest/design

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

terminusdb.github.io/terminusdb/#

Developer

4D, Inc

Amazon

Apache Software Foundation and contributors

Microsoft

DataChemist Ltd.

Initial release

1984

2012

2019

2018

Current release

v20, April 2023

29.0.1, April 2024

cloud service with continuous releases

11.0.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

free tier for a limited amount of database operations

Open Source

Apache license v2

commercial

Open Source

GPL V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Prolog, Rust

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix

hosted

Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

schema-less columns are supported

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

all fields are automatically indexed

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

SQL for querying

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

SQL-like query language (WOQL)

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

RESTful HTTP API

JDBC
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

.Net
ColdFusion
Erlang
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby

Clojure
JavaScript
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

JavaScript
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

yes

Triggers

yes

by integration with AWS Lambda

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

manual/auto, time-based

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Graph Partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

yes, via HDFS, S3 or other storage engines

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

Journaling Streams

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

may be implemented via Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR)

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

can be specified for read operations

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

ACID across one or more tables within a single AWS account and region

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory journaling

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

Access rights for users and roles can be defined via the AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM)

RBAC using LDAP or Druid internals for users and groups for read/write by datasource and system

Azure Active Directory Authentication

Role-based access control

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