DBMS > 4D vs. Altibase vs. Citus vs. Oracle

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Altibase vs. Citus vs. Oracle

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An enterprise grade, high-performance RDBMS

Scalable hybrid operational and analytics RDBMS for big data use cases based on PostgreSQL

Widely used RDBMS

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Document store

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
RDF store

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Spatial DBMS

with Oracle Spatial and Graph
Vector DBMS

since Oracle 23

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	1.02
Rank	#189	Overall
	#88	Relational DBMS

Score	2.15
Rank	#117	Overall
	#56	Relational DBMS

Score	1244.08
Rank	#1	Overall
	#1	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

altibase.com

www.citusdata.com

www.oracle.com/database

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

github.com/ALTIBASE/Documents/tree/master/Manuals

docs.citusdata.com

docs.oracle.com/en/database

Developer

4D, Inc

Altibase

Oracle

Initial release

1984

1999

2010

1980

Current release

v20, April 2023

v7.3, 2023, August 2023

8.1, December 2018

23c, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open source edition discontinued with March 2023

Open Source

AGPL, commercial license also available

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

C and C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux

Linux

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
z/OS

Data scheme

yes

Schemaless in JSON and XML columns

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML type available, but no XML query functionality

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

ANSI SQL-92

yes

standard, with numerous extensions

yes

with proprietary extensions

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary protocol

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
C++
Java

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

C
C#
C++
Clojure
Cobol
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Fortran
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Lisp
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scala
Tcl
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

stored procedures and stored functions

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

PL/SQL

also stored procedures in Java possible

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Sharding, horizontal partitioning

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

can be realized in PL/SQL

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

isolation level can be parameterized

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

Version 12c introduced the new option 'Oracle Database In-Memory'

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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