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DBMS > 4D vs. Alibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL vs. GraphDB vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Alibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL vs. GraphDB vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAlibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL infoformer name was HybridDB  Xexclude from comparisonGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIM  Xexclude from comparisonLMDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft SQL Server  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemAn online MPP (Massively Parallel Processing) data warehousing service based on GreenplumEnterprise-ready RDF and graph database with efficient reasoning, cluster and external index synchronization support. It supports also SQL JDBC access to Knowledge Graph and GraphQL over SPARQL.A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database libraryMicrosofts flagship relational DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value storeRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.47
Rank#110  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score0.76
Rank#220  Overall
#102  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#91  Overall
#7  Graph DBMS
#4  RDF stores
Score2.09
Rank#121  Overall
#20  Key-value stores
Score821.56
Rank#3  Overall
#3  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.alibabacloud.com/­product/­hybriddb-postgresqlwww.ontotext.comwww.symas.com/­symas-embedded-database-lmdbwww.microsoft.com/­en-us/­sql-server
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comwww.alibabacloud.com/­help/­en/­analyticdb-for-postgresql/­latest/­product-introduction-overviewgraphdb.ontotext.com/­documentationwww.lmdb.tech/­doclearn.microsoft.com/­en-US/­sql/­sql-server
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHubMedium
Developer4D, IncAlibaba / Pivotal Software Inc. / PostgreSQL Global Development GroupOntotextSymasMicrosoft
Initial release19842016200020111989
Current releasev20, April 202310.4, October 20230.9.32, January 2024SQL Server 2022, November 2022
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercialcommercial infoSome plugins of GraphDB Workbench are open sourcedOpen Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
SQLServer Flex @ STACKIT offers a managed version of SQL Server with adjustable CPU, RAM, storage amount and speed, in enterprise grade to perfectly match all application requirements. All services are 100% GDPR-compliant.
Implementation languageJavaCC++
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java VM
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
Unix
Windows
Linux
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support; RDF shapesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesnonoyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyes, supports real-time synchronization and indexing in SOLR/Elastic search/Lucene and GeoSPARQL geometry data indexesnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yesstored SPARQL accessed as SQL using Apache Calcite through JDBC/ODBCnoyes
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
JDBC
ODBC
GeoSPARQL
GraphQL
GraphQL Federation
Java API
JDBC
RDF4J API
RDFS
RIO
Sail API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
C
Java
Perl
Python
R
.Net
C#
Clojure
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl
C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesyeswell-defined plugin interfaces; JavaScript server-side extensibilitynoTransact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java
Triggersyesyesnonoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenonenonetables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceMulti-source replicationnoneyes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency, Eventual consistency (configurable in cluster mode per master or individual client request)Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesyesyes infoConstraint checkingnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardDefault Basic authentication through RDF4J client, or via Java when run with cURL, default token-based in the Workbench or via Rest API, optional access through OpenID or Kerberos single sign-on.nofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAlibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL infoformer name was HybridDBGraphDB infoformer name: OWLIMLMDBMicrosoft SQL Server
Specific characteristicsOntotext GraphDB is a semantic database engine that allows organizations to build...
» more
Competitive advantagesGraphDB allows you to link text and data in big knowledge graphs. It’s easy to experiment...
» more
Typical application scenariosMetadata enrichment and management, linked data publishing, semantic inferencing...
» more
Key customers​ GraphDB provides a platform for building next-generation AI and Knowledge Graph...
» more
Market metricsGraphDB is the most utilized semantic triplestore for mission-critical enterprise...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGraphDB Free is a non-commercial version and is free to use. GraphDB Enterprise edition...
» more
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