DBMS > 4D vs. Alibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Alibaba Cloud AnalyticDB for PostgreSQL vs. Google Cloud Datastore vs. LMDB vs. Microsoft SQL Server

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Application development environment with integrated database management system

An online MPP (Massively Parallel Processing) data warehousing service based on Greenplum

Automatically scaling NoSQL Database as a Service (DBaaS) on the Google Cloud Platform

A high performant, light-weight, embedded key-value database library

Microsofts flagship relational DBMS

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.47
Rank	#110	Overall
	#54	Relational DBMS

Score	0.76
Rank	#220	Overall
	#102	Relational DBMS

Score	4.36
Rank	#72	Overall
	#12	Document stores

Score	2.09
Rank	#121	Overall
	#20	Key-value stores

Score	821.56
Rank	#3	Overall
	#3	Relational DBMS

Website

www.4d.com

www.alibabacloud.com/product/hybriddb-postgresql

cloud.google.com/datastore

www.symas.com/symas-embedded-database-lmdb

www.microsoft.com/en-us/sql-server

Technical documentation

developer.4d.com

www.alibabacloud.com/help/en/analyticdb-for-postgresql/latest/product-introduction-overview

cloud.google.com/datastore/docs

www.lmdb.tech/doc

learn.microsoft.com/en-US/sql/sql-server

Developer

4D, Inc

Alibaba / Pivotal Software Inc. / PostgreSQL Global Development Group

Google

Symas

Microsoft

Initial release

1984

2016

2008

2011

1989

Current release

v20, April 2023

0.9.32, January 2024

SQL Server 2022, November 2022

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

commercial

restricted free version is available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Server operating systems

OS X
Windows

hosted

Linux
Unix
Windows

Linux
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, details here

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

close to SQL 92

yes

SQL-like query language (GQL)

yes

APIs and other access methods

ODBC
RESTful HTTP API

by using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices

JDBC
ODBC

gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
OLE DB
Tabular Data Stream (TDS)

Supported programming languages

4D proprietary IDE
PHP

C
Java
Perl
Python
R

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Lisp
Lua
MatLab
Nim
Objective C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Swift
Tcl

C#
C++
Delphi
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

using Google App Engine

Transact SQL, .NET languages, R, Python and (with SQL Server 2019) Java

Triggers

yes

Callbacks using the Google Apps Engine

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

none

tables can be distributed across several files (horizontal partitioning); sharding through federation

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication using Paxos

none

yes, but depending on the SQL-Server Edition

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

using Google Cloud Dataflow

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on type of query and configuration

Strong Consistency is default for entity lookups and queries within an Entity Group (but can instead be made eventually consistent). Other queries are always eventual consistent.

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

via ReferenceProperties or Ancestor paths

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Serializable Isolation within Transactions, Read Committed outside of Transactions

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users and groups

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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