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DBMS > 4D vs. Adabas vs. Cassandra vs. FeatureBase vs. Google Cloud Spanner

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Adabas vs. Cassandra vs. FeatureBase vs. Google Cloud Spanner

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonFeatureBase  Xexclude from comparisonGoogle Cloud Spanner  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessReal-time database platform that powers real-time analytics and machine learning applications by simultaneously executing low-latency, high-throughput, and highly concurrent workloads.A horizontally scalable, globally consistent, relational database service. It is the externalization of the core Google database that runs the biggest aspects of Google, like Ads and Google Play.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSMultivalue DBMSWide column storeRelational DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.17
Rank#94  Overall
#1  Multivalue DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.22
Rank#309  Overall
#139  Relational DBMS
Score2.89
Rank#103  Overall
#52  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmlcassandra.apache.orgwww.featurebase.comcloud.google.com/­spanner
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestdocs.featurebase.comcloud.google.com/­spanner/­docs
Developer4D, IncSoftware AGApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookMolecula and Pilosa Open Source ContributorsGoogle
Initial release19841971200820172017
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 20232022, May 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2commercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononoyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.
Implementation languageJavaGo
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
hosted
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionnoyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL GatewaySQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)SQL queriesyes infoQuery statements complying to ANSI 2011
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
gRPC
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
gRPC (using protocol buffers) API
JDBC infoAt present, JDBC supports read-only queries. No support for DDL or DML statements.
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
NaturalC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Java
Python
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin Naturalnono
Triggersyesnoyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas VistaSharding infono "single point of failure"ShardingSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, with add-on product Event Replicatorselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleyesMulti-source replication with 3 replicas for regional instances.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesyes infousing Google Cloud Dataflow
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnonoyesyes infoby using interleaved tables, this features focuses more on performance improvements than on referential integrity
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsyesACID infoStrict serializable isolation
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, using Linux fsyncyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononoyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)Access rights for users can be defined per objectAccess rights for users, groups and roles based on Google Cloud Identity and Access Management (IAM)
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"CassandraFeatureBaseGoogle Cloud Spanner
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
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Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
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Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
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Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
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