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DBMS > 4D vs. Adabas vs. Cassandra vs. CrateDB vs. Lovefield

System Properties Comparison 4D vs. Adabas vs. Cassandra vs. CrateDB vs. Lovefield

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Name4D infoformer name: 4th Dimension  Xexclude from comparisonAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"  Xexclude from comparisonCassandra  Xexclude from comparisonCrateDB  Xexclude from comparisonLovefield  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionApplication development environment with integrated database management systemOLTP - DBMS for mainframes and Linux/Unix/Windows environments infoused typically together with the Natural programming platformWide-column store based on ideas of BigTable and DynamoDB infoOptimized for write accessDistributed Database based on LuceneEmbeddable relational database for web apps written in pure JavaScript
Primary database modelRelational DBMSMultivalue DBMSWide column storeDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Vector DBMS
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsVector DBMS infostarting with release V5Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.58
Rank#108  Overall
#54  Relational DBMS
Score3.17
Rank#94  Overall
#1  Multivalue DBMS
Score101.89
Rank#12  Overall
#1  Wide column stores
Score0.73
Rank#224  Overall
#37  Document stores
#5  Spatial DBMS
#16  Search engines
#19  Time Series DBMS
#8  Vector DBMS
Score0.29
Rank#293  Overall
#133  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.4d.comwww.softwareag.com/­en_corporate/­platform/­adabas-natural.htmlcassandra.apache.orgcratedb.comgoogle.github.io/­lovefield
Technical documentationdeveloper.4d.comcassandra.apache.org/­doc/­latestcratedb.com/­docsgithub.com/­google/­lovefield/­blob/­master/­docs/­spec_index.md
Developer4D, IncSoftware AGApache Software Foundation infoApache top level project, originally developped by FacebookCrateGoogle
Initial release19841971200820132014
Current releasev20, April 20234.1.3, July 20232.1.12, February 2017
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Astra DB: Multi-cloud DBaaS built on Apache Cassandra.CrateDB Cloud: a distributed SQL database that spreads data and processing across an elastic cluster of shared nothing nodes. CrateDB Cloud enables data insights at scale on Microsoft Azure, AWS and Google Cloud Platform.
Implementation languageJavaJavaJavaScript
Server operating systemsOS X
Windows
BS2000
Linux
Unix
Windows
z/OS
z/VSE
BSD
Linux
OS X
Windows
All Operating Systems, including Kubernetes with CrateDB Kubernetes Operator supportserver-less, requires a JavaScript environment (browser, Node.js) infotested with Chrome, Firefox, IE, Safari
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeFlexible Schema (defined schema, partial schema, schema free)yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnononono
Secondary indexesyesyesrestricted infoonly equality queries, not always the best performing solutionyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoclose to SQL 92yes infowith add-on product Adabas SQL GatewaySQL-like SELECT, DML and DDL statements (CQL)yes, but no triggers and constraints, and PostgreSQL compatibilitySQL-like query language infovia JavaScript builder pattern
APIs and other access methodsODBC
RESTful HTTP API infoby using 4D Mobile
SOAP webservices
HTTP API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
SOAP-based API infowith add-on software Adabas SOA Gateway
Proprietary protocol infoCQL (Cassandra Query Language, an SQL-like language)
Thrift
ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
PostgreSQL wire protocol
Prometheus Remote Read/Write
RESTful HTTP API
Supported programming languages4D proprietary IDE
PHP
NaturalC#
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.NET
Erlang
Go infocommunity maintained client
Java
JavaScript (Node.js) infocommunity maintained client
Perl infocommunity maintained client
PHP
Python
R
Ruby infocommunity maintained client
Scala infocommunity maintained client
JavaScript
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyesin Naturalnouser defined functions (Javascript)no
TriggersyesnoyesnoUsing read-only observers
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneyes, with additonal products like Adabas Cluster Services, Adabas Parallel Services, Adabas VistaSharding infono "single point of failure"Shardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replicationyes, with add-on product Event Replicatorselectable replication factor infoRepresentation of geographical distribution of servers is possibleConfigurable replication on table/partition-levelnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency infocan be individually decided for each write operation
Eventual Consistency
Read-after-write consistency on record level
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnononoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDno infoAtomicity and isolation are supported for single operationsno infounique row identifiers can be used for implementing an optimistic concurrency control strategyACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, by using IndexedDB or the cloud service Firebase Realtime Database
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonononoyes infousing MemoryDB
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers and groupsonly with OS-specific tools (e.g. IBM RACF, CA Top Secret)Access rights for users can be defined per objectrights management via user accountsno
More information provided by the system vendor
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"CassandraCrateDBLovefield
Specific characteristicsApache Cassandra is the leading NoSQL, distributed database management system, well...
» more
The enterprise database for time series, documents, and vectors. Distributed - Native...
» more
Competitive advantagesNo single point of failure ensures 100% availability . Operational simplicity for...
» more
Response time in milliseconds: e ven for complex ad-hoc queries. Massive scaling...
» more
Typical application scenariosInternet of Things (IOT), fraud detection applications, recommendation engines, product...
» more
​ IoT: accelerate your IIoT projects with CrateDB, delivering real-time analytics...
» more
Key customersApple, Netflix, Uber, ING,, Intuit,Fidelity, NY Times, Outbrain, BazaarVoice, Best...
» more
Across all continents, CrateDB is used by companies of all sizes to meet the most...
» more
Market metricsCassandra is used by 40% of the Fortune 100.
» more
The CrateDB open source project was started in 2013 Honorable Mention in 2021 Gartner®...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache license  Pricing for commercial distributions provided by DataStax and available...
» more
See CrateDB pricing >
» more

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More resources
4D infoformer name: 4th DimensionAdabas infodenotes "adaptable data base"CassandraCrateDBLovefield
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