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DBMS > etcd vs. eXtremeDB vs. Tarantool vs. TigerGraph vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. eXtremeDB vs. Tarantool vs. TigerGraph vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisoneXtremeDB  Xexclude from comparisonTarantool  Xexclude from comparisonTigerGraph  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeNatively in-memory DBMS with options for persistency, high-availability and clusteringIn-memory computing platform with a flexible data schema for efficiently building high-performance applicationsA complete, distributed, parallel graph computing platform supporting web-scale data analytics in real-timeVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Document store
Key-value store
Relational DBMS
Graph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS infowith Tarantool/GIS extensionSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.03
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score0.80
Rank#214  Overall
#99  Relational DBMS
#18  Time Series DBMS
Score1.67
Rank#143  Overall
#25  Document stores
#25  Key-value stores
#65  Relational DBMS
Score1.80
Rank#138  Overall
#13  Graph DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
www.mcobject.comwww.tarantool.iowww.tigergraph.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
www.mcobject.com/­docs/­extremedb.htmwww.tarantool.io/­en/­docdocs.tigergraph.comdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperMcObjectVKOpenLink Software
Initial release2001200820171998
Current release3.4, August 20198.2, 20212.10.0, May 20227.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercialOpen Source infoBSD-2, source-available extensions (modules), commercial licenses for Tarantool EnterprisecommercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC and C++C and C++C++C
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows
BSD
Linux
macOS
LinuxAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeyesFlexible data schema: relational definition for tables with ability to store json-like documents in columnsyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesstring, double, decimal, uuid, integer, blob, boolean, datetimeyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infosupport of XML interfaces availablenonoyes
Secondary indexesnoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infowith the option: eXtremeSQLFull-featured ANSI SQL supportSQL-like query language (GSQL)yes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
.NET Client API
JDBC
JNI
ODBC
Proprietary protocol
RESTful HTTP API
Open binary protocolGSQL (TigerGraph Query Language)
Kafka
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
Lua
Python
Scala
C
C#
C++
Erlang
Go
Java
JavaScript
Lua
Perl
PHP
Python
Rust
C++
Java
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyesLua, C and SQL stored proceduresyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyes, watching key changesyes infoby defining eventsyes, before/after data modification events, on replication events, client session eventsnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning / shardingSharding, partitioned with virtual buckets by user defined affinity key. Live resharding for scale up and scale down without maintenance downtime.yes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.Active Replication Fabric™ for IoT
Multi-source replication infoby means of eXtremeDB Cluster option
Source-replica replication infoby means of eXtremeDB High Availability option
Asynchronous replication with multi-master option
Configurable replication topology (full-mesh, chain, star)
Synchronous quorum replication (with Raft)
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyesyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyCasual consistency across sharding partitions
Eventual consistency within replicaset partition infowhen using asyncronous replication
Immediate Consistency within single instance
Sequential consistency including linearizable read within replicaset partition infowhen using Raft
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesyes infoRelationships in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID, with serializable isolation and linearizable read (within partition); Configurable MVCC (within partition); No cross-shard distributed transactionsACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyes infoOptimistic (MVCC) and pessimistic (locking) strategies availableyes, cooperative multitaskingyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes, write ahead loggingyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes, full featured in-memory storage engine with persistencenoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess Control Lists
Mutual TLS authentication for Tarantol Enterprise
Password based authentication
Role-based access control (RBAC) and LDAP for Tarantol Enterprise
Users and Roles
Role-based access controlFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
etcdeXtremeDBTarantoolTigerGraphVirtuoso
Specific characteristicseXtremeDB is an in-memory and/or persistent database system that offers an ultra-small...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantageseXtremeDB databases can be modeled relationally or as objects and can utilize SQL...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosIoT application across all markets: Industrial Control, Netcom, Telecom, Defense,...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersSchneider Electronics, F5 Networks, TNS, Boeing, Northrop Grumman, GoPro, ViaSat,...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsWith hundreds of customers and over 30 million devices/applications using the product...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsFor server use cases, there is a simple per-server license irrespective of the number...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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More resources
etcdeXtremeDBTarantoolTigerGraphVirtuoso
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Data processing speed and reliability: in-memory synchronous replication
9 November 2021,  Vladimir Perepelytsya, Tarantool (sponsor) 

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