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DBMS > Spark SQL vs. Trino vs. Virtuoso vs. Weaviate vs. YugabyteDB

System Properties Comparison Spark SQL vs. Trino vs. Virtuoso vs. Weaviate vs. YugabyteDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameSpark SQL  Xexclude from comparisonTrino  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparisonWeaviate  Xexclude from comparisonYugabyteDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionSpark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processingFast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQLVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphsAn AI-native realtime vector database engine that integrates scalable machine learning models.High-performance distributed SQL database for global, internet-scale applications. Wire and feature compatible with PostgreSQL.
Primary database modelRelational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Vector DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store
Spatial DBMSDocument store
Wide column store
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score18.04
Rank#33  Overall
#20  Relational DBMS
Score4.99
Rank#65  Overall
#36  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Score1.52
Rank#153  Overall
#5  Vector DBMS
Score2.63
Rank#109  Overall
#53  Relational DBMS
Websitespark.apache.org/­sqltrino.iovirtuoso.openlinksw.comgithub.com/­weaviate/­weaviate
weaviate.io
www.yugabyte.com
Technical documentationspark.apache.org/­docs/­latest/­sql-programming-guide.htmltrino.io/­broadcast
trino.io/­docs/­current
docs.openlinksw.com/­virtuosoweaviate.io/­developers/­weaviatedocs.yugabyte.com
github.com/­yugabyte/­yugabyte-db
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHub
DeveloperApache Software FoundationTrino Software FoundationOpenLink SoftwareWeaviate B.V.Yugabyte Inc.
Initial release20142012 info2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL199820192017
Current release3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 20237.2.11, September 20231.19, May 20232.19, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infocommercial license available with Weaviate EnterpriseOpen Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.YugabyteDB Managed is the fully managed database-as-a-service offering of YugabyteDB. Get started quickly, and effortlessly ensure continuous availability and limitless scale of your cloud native applications.
Implementation languageScalaJavaCGoC and C++
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS infofor devlopment
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Data schemeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
yes, maps to GraphQL interfacedepending on used data model
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyes infostring, int, float, geo point, date, cross reference, fuzzy referencesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesnono
Secondary indexesnodepending on connected data-sourceyesyes infoall data objects are indexed in a semantic vector space (the Contextionary), all primitive fields are indexedyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLSQL-like DML and DDL statementsyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLXGraphQL is used as query languageyes, PostgreSQL compatible
APIs and other access methodsJDBC
ODBC
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
GraphQL query language
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
JDBC
YCQL, an SQL-based flexible-schema API with its roots in Cassandra Query Language
YSQL - a fully relational SQL API that is wire compatible with the SQL language in PostgreSQL
Supported programming languagesJava
Python
R
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
JavaScript / TypeScript
Python
C
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes, depending on connected data-sourceyes infoVirtuoso PLnoyes infosql, plpgsql, C
Triggersnonoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes, utilizing Spark Coredepending on connected data-sourceyesShardingHash and Range Sharding, row-level geo-partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnonedepending on connected data-sourceChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
yesBased on Raft distributed consensus protocol, minimum 3 replicas for continuous availability
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemdepending on connected data-sourceImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyStrong consistency on writes and tunable consistency on reads
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanodepending on connected data-sourceACIDnoDistributed ACID with Serializable & Snapshot Isolation. Inspired by Google Spanner architecture.
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesdepending on connected data-sourceyesyesyes infobased on RocksDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoSQL standard access controlFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)API Keys
OpenID Connect Discovery
yes
More information provided by the system vendor
Spark SQLTrinoVirtuosoWeaviateYugabyteDB
Specific characteristicsTrino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Weaviate is an open source vector database that is robust, scalable, cloud-native,...
» more
YugabyteDB is an open source distributed SQL database for cloud native transactional...
» more
Competitive advantagesHigh performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Flexible deployment - Free, open source or fully-managed cloud vector database service...
» more
PostgreSQL compatible: Get instantly productive with a PostgreSQL compatible RDBMS....
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Typical application scenariosPerformant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
As a database supporting the development of generative AI and semantic search applications...
» more
Systems of record and engagement for cloud native applications that require resilience,...
» more
Key customersTrino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
All companies that have data. ​
» more
Market metrics33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
As of mid 2023: Over 2 million open source downloads 3500+ Weaviate Slack community...
» more
2 Million+ lifetime clusters deployed, 6.5K+ GitHub stars, 7K YugabyteDB Community...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsTrino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
Weaviate is open-source, and free to use. Weaviate is also available as a fully managed...
» more
Apache 2.0 license for the database
» more
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