DBMS > PostgreSQL vs. Trino vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison PostgreSQL vs. Trino vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Widely used open source RDBMS

Developed as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQL

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

with object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.

Relational DBMS

Document store

Secondary database models

Document store
Graph DBMS

with Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS

with pgvector extension

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	674.32
Rank	#4	Overall
	#4	Relational DBMS

Score	5.34
Rank	#60	Overall
	#34	Relational DBMS

Score	0.20
Rank	#314	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

www.postgresql.org

trino.io

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

www.postgresql.org/docs

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

PostgreSQL Global Development Group

www.postgresql.org/developer

Trino Software Foundation

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

1989

1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

2019

Current release

16.4, August 2024

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

Clojure

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

specific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.

Secondary indexes

yes

depending on connected data-source

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

standard with numerous extensions

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java

JDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

realized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.

yes, depending on connected data-source

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

partitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hash

depending on connected data-source

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Source-replica replication

other methods possible by using 3rd party extensions

depending on connected data-source

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

depending on connected data-source

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

depending on connected data-source

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

depending on connected data-source

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

SQL standard access control

More information provided by the system vendor

News

73: Wrapping Trino packages with a bow
9 April 2025

Core Principles and Design Practices of OLAP Engines
27 March 2025

72: Keeping the lake clean
17 March 2025

Twenty four
3 March 2025

71: Fake it real good
27 February 2025

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