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DBMS > PostgreSQL vs. RavenDB vs. RDFox vs. TimescaleDB vs. Vitess

System Properties Comparison PostgreSQL vs. RavenDB vs. RDFox vs. TimescaleDB vs. Vitess

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NamePostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRavenDB  Xexclude from comparisonRDFox  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparisonVitess  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLOpen Source Operational and Transactional Enterprise NoSQL Document DatabaseHigh performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engineA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQLScalable, distributed, cloud-native DBMS, extending MySQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Time Series DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Graph DBMS
Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Relational DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score2.84
Rank#101  Overall
#18  Document stores
Score0.29
Rank#300  Overall
#24  Graph DBMS
#13  RDF stores
Score4.46
Rank#71  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Score0.88
Rank#203  Overall
#95  Relational DBMS
Websitewww.postgresql.orgravendb.netwww.oxfordsemantic.techwww.timescale.comvitess.io
Technical documentationwww.postgresql.org/­docsravendb.net/­docsdocs.oxfordsemantic.techdocs.timescale.comvitess.io/­docs
DeveloperPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerHibernating RhinosOxford Semantic TechnologiesTimescaleThe Linux Foundation, PlanetScale
Initial release1989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL2010201720172013
Current release16.3, May 20245.4, July 20226.0, Septermber 20222.15.0, May 202415.0.2, December 2022
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoAGPL version 3, commercial license availablecommercialOpen Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoApache Version 2.0, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC#C++CGo
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
Linux
macOS
Raspberry Pi
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
OS X
Windows
Docker
Linux
macOS
Data schemeyesschema-freeyes infoRDF schemasyesyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesnoyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data typesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.yes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query language (RQL)noyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntaxyes infowith proprietary extensions
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
.NET Client API
F# Client API
Go Client API
Java Client API
NodeJS Client API
PHP Client API
Python Client API
RESTful HTTP API
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
ADO.NET
JDBC
MySQL protocol
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C#
F#
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
C
Java
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.yesuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shellyes infoproprietary syntax
Triggersyesyesyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodespartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashShardingyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributesSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesSource-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsMulti-source replicationreplication via a shared file systemSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas infoMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyDefault ACID transactions on the local node (eventually consistent across the cluster). Atomic operations with cluster-wide ACID transactions. Eventual consistency for indexes and full-text search indexes.Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setupsImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency across shards
Immediate Consistency within a shard
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyesnoyesyes infonot for MyISAM storage engine
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACID, Cluster-wide transaction availableACIDACIDACID at shard level
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engine
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesnoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAuthorization levels configured per client per databaseRoles, resources, and access typesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or roles

More information provided by the system vendor

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More resources
PostgreSQLRavenDBRDFoxTimescaleDBVitess
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