DBMS > PostGIS vs. Stardog vs. VelocityDB vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison PostGIS vs. Stardog vs. VelocityDB vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Spatial extension of PostgreSQL

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

A .NET Object Database that can be embedded/distributed and extended to a graph data model (VelocityGraph)

Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs

Primary database model

Spatial DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Graph DBMS
Object oriented DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine

Secondary database models

Relational DBMS

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	21.72
Rank	#29	Overall
	#1	Spatial DBMS

Score	2.07
Rank	#122	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	0.11
Rank	#354	Overall
	#37	Graph DBMS
	#15	Object oriented DBMS

Score	4.27
Rank	#73	Overall
	#13	Document stores
	#4	Graph DBMS
	#2	Native XML DBMS
	#39	Relational DBMS
	#2	RDF stores
	#9	Search engines

Website

postgis.net

www.stardog.com

velocitydb.com

virtuoso.openlinksw.com

Technical documentation

postgis.net/documentation

docs.stardog.com

velocitydb.com/UserGuide

docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso

Developer

Stardog-Union

VelocityDB Inc

OpenLink Software

Initial release

2005

2010

2011

1998

Current release

3.4.2, February 2024

7.3.0, May 2020

7.x

7.2.11, September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

GPL v2.0

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

commercial

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

Linux
macOS
Windows

Any that supports .NET

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Data scheme

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

SQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Import/export of XML data possible

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

yes

SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

.Net

ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT

Supported programming languages

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

.Net

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

yes

Virtuoso PL

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

Callbacks are triggered when data changes

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

yes

based on PostgreSQL

none

Sharding

yes

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

based on PostgreSQL

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

yes

based on PostgreSQL

Access rights for users and roles

Based on Windows Authentication

Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
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Competitive advantages

Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
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Typical application scenarios

Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more

Key customers

Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
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Market metrics

Largest installed-base of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
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Licensing and pricing models

Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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