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DBMS > Neo4j vs. Trino vs. TypeDB vs. Virtuoso vs. Yaacomo

System Properties Comparison Neo4j vs. Trino vs. TypeDB vs. Virtuoso vs. Yaacomo

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonTrino  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparisonYaacomo  Xexclude from comparison
Yaacomo seems to be discontinued and is removed from the DB-Engines ranking
DescriptionScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsFast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQLTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query languageVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphsOpenCL based in-memory RDBMS, designed for efficiently utilizing the hardware via parallel computing
Primary database modelGraph DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Relational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score5.00
Rank#66  Overall
#36  Relational DBMS
Score0.65
Rank#234  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#107  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteneo4j.comtrino.iotypedb.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.comyaacomo.com
Technical documentationneo4j.com/­docstrino.io/­broadcast
trino.io/­docs/­current
typedb.com/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
Social network pagesLinkedInTwitterYouTubeGitHub
DeveloperNeo4j, Inc.Trino Software FoundationVaticleOpenLink SoftwareQ2WEB GmbH
Initial release20072012 info2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL201619982009
Current release5.19, April 20242.26.3, January 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availablecommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.
Implementation languageJava, ScalaJavaJavaC
Server operating systemsLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
macOS infofor devlopment
Linux
OS X
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Android
Linux
Windows
Data schemeschema-free and schema-optionalyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
yes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonoyesno
Secondary indexesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucenedepending on connected data-sourceyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyesnoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLXyes
APIs and other access methodsBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
JDBC
ODBC
Supported programming languages.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsyes, depending on connected data-sourcenoyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyes infovia event handlernonoyesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes using Neo4j Fabricdepending on connected data-sourceSharding infoby using Cassandrayeshorizontal partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlydepending on connected data-sourceMulti-source replication infoby using CassandraChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeperyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
depending on connected data-sourceImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsnono infosubstituted by the relationship featureyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDdepending on connected data-sourceACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesdepending on connected data-sourceyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)SQL standard access controlyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progressFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard
More information provided by the system vendor
Neo4jTrinoTypeDB infoformerly named GraknVirtuosoYaacomo
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
» more
TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
» more
TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
» more
Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more
Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
News

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58: Understanding your users with Trino and Mitzu
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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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More resources
Neo4jTrinoTypeDB infoformerly named GraknVirtuosoYaacomo
DB-Engines blog posts

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22 December 2015, Emil Eifrem (guest author)

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