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DBMS > Neo4j vs. Titan vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison Neo4j vs. Titan vs. Virtuoso

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonTitan  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.
DescriptionScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsTitan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelGraph DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score47.91
Rank#20  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score2.79
Rank#89  Overall
#15  Document stores
#5  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#48  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#10  Search engines
Websiteneo4j.comgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titanvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationneo4j.com/­docsgithub.com/­thinkaurelius/­titan/­wikidocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperNeo4j, Inc.Aurelius, owned by DataStaxOpenLink Software
Initial release200720121998
Current release5.23, August 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoApache license, version 2.0Open Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageJava, ScalaJavaC
Server operating systemsLinux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-free and schema-optionalyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yes
Secondary indexesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsBolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Clojure
Java
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsyesyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyes infovia event handleryesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesyes using Neo4j Fabricyes infovia pluggable storage backendsyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlyyesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoyes infovia Faunus, a graph analytics engineyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infoRelationships in graphsyes infoRelationships in graphyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoSupports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcastyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)User authentification and security via Rexster Graph ServerFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
Neo4jTitanVirtuoso
News

Announcing the Neo4j Graph Workload for Microsoft Fabric
15 May 2025

Run Cypher From Java
13 May 2025

Integrating Neo4j With LangChain4j for GraphRAG Vector Stores and Retrievers
12 May 2025

This Week in Neo4j: NODES, Knowledge Graph, Graph Analytics, MCP and more
10 May 2025

Aura Graph Analytics: A Technical Deep Dive
7 May 2025

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More resources
Neo4jTitanVirtuoso
DB-Engines blog posts

Applying Graph Analytics to Game of Thrones
12 June 2019, Amy Hodler & Mark Needham, Neo4j (guest author)

MySQL, PostgreSQL and Redis are the winners of the March ranking
2 March 2016, Paul Andlinger

The openCypher Project: Help Shape the SQL for Graphs
22 December 2015, Emil Eifrem (guest author)

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Graph DBMS increased their popularity by 500% within the last 2 years
3 March 2015, Paul Andlinger

Graph DBMSs are gaining in popularity faster than any other database category
21 January 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

show all

Recent citations in the news

NASA jettisons Neo4j database for Memgraph citing costs
7 May 2025, theregister.com

Neo4j Brings Graph Analytics to Any Data Platform
14 May 2025, CDOTrends

Neo4j goes serverless, bringing graph analytics to any data source
7 May 2025, SiliconANGLE

Latest Neo4j release aims to simplify graph technology
7 May 2025, TechTarget

Neo4j Launches Industry's First Graph Analytics Offering For Any Data Platform
7 May 2025, PR Newswire

provided by Google News

DataStax Acquires Aurelius and its TitanDB Graph Database
31 May 2024, Data Center Knowledge

Building a Graph Database on AWS Using Amazon DynamoDB and Titan
22 October 2015, Amazon Web Services

Titan Graph Database Integration with DynamoDB: World-class Performance, Availability, and Scale for New Workloads
20 August 2015, All Things Distributed

Performance Tuning Your Titan Graph Database on AWS
14 December 2015, Amazon Web Services

DSE Graph review: Graph database does double duty
14 November 2019, InfoWorld

provided by Google News

Figure 2. DAR detailed architecture
11 March 2018, ResearchGate

Fig. 1. Logical architecture of the OPENNESS platform.
7 February 2018, ResearchGate

provided by Google News



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