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DBMS > MySQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. Sequoiadb vs. Snowflake vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison MySQL vs. PostgreSQL vs. Sequoiadb vs. Snowflake vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMySQL  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonSequoiadb  Xexclude from comparisonSnowflake  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionWidely used open source RDBMSWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLNewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQLCloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured dataVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infoKey/Value like access via memcached APIRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document store
Relational DBMS
Relational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score1061.34
Rank#2  Overall
#2  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.50
Rank#258  Overall
#41  Document stores
#120  Relational DBMS
Score130.36
Rank#8  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Score4.27
Rank#73  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#39  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websitewww.mysql.comwww.postgresql.orgwww.sequoiadb.comwww.snowflake.comvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationdev.mysql.com/­docwww.postgresql.org/­docswww.sequoiadb.com/­en/­index.php?m=Files&a=indexdocs.snowflake.net/­manuals/­index.htmldocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperOracle infosince 2010, originally MySQL AB, then SunPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerSequoiadb Ltd.Snowflake Computing Inc.OpenLink Software
Initial release19951989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL201320141998
Current release8.4.0, April 202416.3, May 20247.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoGPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are availableOpen Source infoBSDOpen Source infoServer: AGPL; Client: Apache V2commercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononoyesno
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC and C++CC++C
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
LinuxhostedAIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeyesyesschema-freeyes infosupport of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)yes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyes infooid, date, timestamp, binary, regexyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.noyesyes
Secondary indexesyesyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infowith proprietary extensionsyes infostandard with numerous extensionsSQL-like query languageyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
proprietary protocol using JSONCLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languagesAda
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infoproprietary syntaxuser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.JavaScriptuser defined functionsyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyesyesnono infosimilar concept for controling cloud resourcesyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodeshorizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabricpartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashShardingyesyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsSource-replica replicationyesChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integrityyes infonot for MyISAM storage engineyesnoyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infonot for MyISAM storage engineACIDDocument is locked during a transactionACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayes infotable locks or row locks depending on storage engineyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesnononoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlUsers with fine-grained authorization concept infono user groups or rolesfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardsimple password-based access controlUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
MySQLPostgreSQLSequoiadbSnowflakeVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
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Redgate webinars: A series of key topics for new PostgreSQL users.
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CYBERTEC is your professional partner in PostgreSQL topics for over 20 years. As our main aim is to be your single-source all-in-one IT service provider, we offer a wide range of products and services. Visit our website for more details.
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MySQLPostgreSQLSequoiadbSnowflakeVirtuoso
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