DBMS > MySQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. ToroDB vs. Trino vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison MySQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. ToroDB vs. Trino vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Widely used open source RDBMS

A distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMS

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Fast distributed SQL query engine for big data analytics. Forked from Presto and originally named PrestoSQL

TypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language

Primary database model

Relational DBMS

Key/Value like access via memcached API

Graph DBMS

Document store

Relational DBMS

Graph DBMS
Relational DBMS

Often described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.

Secondary database models

Document store
Spatial DBMS

Document store
Key-value store
Spatial DBMS
Search engine
Time Series DBMS
Wide column store

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	1083.74
Rank	#2	Overall
	#2	Relational DBMS

Score	2.14
Rank	#120	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS

Score	5.00
Rank	#66	Overall
	#36	Relational DBMS

Score	0.65
Rank	#234	Overall
	#20	Graph DBMS
	#107	Relational DBMS

Website

www.mysql.com

github.com/vesoft-inc/nebula
www.nebula-graph.io

github.com/torodb/server

trino.io

typedb.com

Technical documentation

dev.mysql.com/doc

docs.nebula-graph.io

trino.io/broadcast
trino.io/docs/current

typedb.com/docs

Social network pages

Developer

Oracle

since 2010, originally MySQL AB, then Sun

Vesoft Inc.

8Kdata

Trino Software Foundation

Vaticle

Initial release

1995

2019

2016

2012

2020 rebranded from PrestoSQL

2016

Current release

8.4.0, April 2024

2.26.3, January 2024

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

GPL version 2. Commercial licenses with extended functionallity are available

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

GPL Version 3, commercial licenses available

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Aiven for MySQL: Fully managed MySQL, deployable in the cloud of your choice, with seamless integrations and lightning-fast setup.

Starburst Galaxy offers a feature-rich user interface to connect all your data sources, manage your Trino clusters, and query your data.

Implementation language

C and C++

C++

Java

Server operating systems

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Linux
macOS

for devlopment

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

yes

Strong typed schema

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

Nebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.

depending on connected data-source

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

yes

with proprietary extensions

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis

ORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL

JDBC
RESTful HTTP API
Trino CLI

gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)

Supported programming languages

Ada
C
C#
C++
D
Delphi
Eiffel
Erlang
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Objective-C
OCaml
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl

.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
R
Ruby

All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

proprietary syntax

user defined functions

yes, depending on connected data-source

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

horizontal partitioning, sharding with MySQL Cluster or MySQL Fabric

Sharding

depending on connected data-source

Sharding

by using Cassandra

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

Causal Clustering using Raft protocol

Source-replica replication

depending on connected data-source

Multi-source replication

by using Cassandra

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

by using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

depending on connected data-source

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

not for MyISAM storage engine

yes

Relationships in graphs

substituted by the relationship feature

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

not for MyISAM storage engine

ACID

depending on connected data-source

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

table locks or row locks depending on storage engine

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

using RocksDB

yes

depending on connected data-source

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Users with fine-grained authorization concept

no user groups or roles

Role-based access control

Access rights for users and roles

SQL standard access control

yes

at REST API level; other APIs in progress

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

NebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more

Trino is the fastest open source, massively parallel processing SQL query engine...
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TypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more

Competitive advantages

NebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more

High performance analtyics and data processing of very large data sets Powerful ANSI...
» more

TypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Social networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more

Performant analytics query engine for data warehouses, data lakes, and data lakehouses...
» more

Life sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more

Key customers

Companies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more

Trino is widely adopted across the globe as freely-available open source software....
» more

Market metrics

At our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more

33000+ commits in GitHub 8200+ stargazers in GitHub 1200+ pull requests merged in...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

NebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

Trino is an open source project and usage is therefore free. Commercial offerings...
» more

Apache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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