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DBMS > Milvus vs. MonetDB vs. Neo4j vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison Milvus vs. MonetDB vs. Neo4j vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMilvus  Xexclude from comparisonMonetDB  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionA DBMS designed for efficient storage of vector data and vector similarity searchesA relational database management system that stores data in columnsScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL
Primary database modelVector DBMSRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store
Spatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.31
Rank#113  Overall
#3  Vector DBMS
Score1.72
Rank#145  Overall
#67  Relational DBMS
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Websitemilvus.iowww.monetdb.orgneo4j.comgithub.com/­torodb/­server
Technical documentationmilvus.io/­docs/­overview.mdwww.monetdb.org/­Documentationneo4j.com/­docs
DeveloperMonetDB BVNeo4j, Inc.8Kdata
Initial release2019200420072016
Current release2.3.4, January 2024Dec2023 (11.49), December 20235.19, April 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoMozilla Public License 2.0Open Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen Source infoAGPL-V3
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Zilliz Cloud – Cloud-native service for MilvusNeo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageC++, GoCJava, ScalaJava
Server operating systemsLinux
macOS info10.14 or later
Windows infowith WSL 2 enabled
FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VM
Data schemeyesschema-free and schema-optionalschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateVector, Numeric and Stringyesyesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono
Secondary indexesnoyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Lucene
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoyes infoSQL 2003 with some extensionsno
APIs and other access methodsRESTful HTTP APIJDBC
native C library infoMAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoyes, in SQL, C, Ryes infoUser defined Procedures and Functions
Triggersnoyesyes infovia event handlerno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingSharding via remote tablesyes using Neo4j FabricSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnone infoSource-replica replication available in experimental statusCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlySource-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemBounded Staleness
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Session Consistency
Tunable Consistency
Causal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyes infoRelationships in graphsno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes
User concepts infoAccess controlRole based access control and fine grained access rightsfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)Access rights for users and roles
More information provided by the system vendor
MilvusMonetDBNeo4jToroDB
Specific characteristicsMilvus is an open-source and cloud-native vector database built for production-ready...
» more
Neo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Competitive advantagesHighly available, versatile, and robust with millisecond latency. Supports batch...
» more
Neo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Typical application scenariosRAG: retrieval augmented generation Video media : video understanding, video deduplication....
» more
Real-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Key customersMilvus is trusted by thousands of enterprises, including PayPal, eBay, IKEA, LINE,...
» more
Over 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Market metricsAs of January 2024, 25k+ GitHub stars 10M+ downloads and installations​ ​ 3k+ enterprise...
» more
Neo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsMilvus was released under the open-source Apache License 2.0 in October 2019. Fully-managed...
» more
GPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
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