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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB vs. TimescaleDB vs. ToroDB vs. TypeDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. TerminusDB vs. TimescaleDB vs. ToroDB vs. TypeDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemist  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparisonToroDB  Xexclude from comparisonTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn  Xexclude from comparison
ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.
DescriptionFully managed big data interactive analytics platformScalable Graph Database platform making enterprise data available by exploiting inferred entities and relationshipsA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQLA MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQLTypeDB is a strongly-typed database with a rich and logical type system and TypeQL as its query language
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedGraph DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument storeGraph DBMS
Relational DBMS infoOften described as a 'hyper-relational' database, since it implements the 'Entity-Relationship Paradigm' to manage complex data structures and ontologies.
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
RDF store
Relational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score0.23
Rank#316  Overall
#27  Graph DBMS
Score4.46
Rank#71  Overall
#5  Time Series DBMS
Score0.70
Rank#230  Overall
#20  Graph DBMS
#106  Relational DBMS
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerterminusdb.comwww.timescale.comgithub.com/­torodb/­servertypedb.com
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerterminusdb.github.io/­terminusdb/­#docs.timescale.comtypedb.com/­docs
DeveloperMicrosoftDataChemist Ltd.Timescale8KdataVaticle
Initial release20192018201720162016
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases11.0.0, January 20232.15.0, May 20242.26.3, January 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoGPL V3Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoAGPL-V3Open Source infoGPL Version 3, commercial licenses available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageProlog, RustCJavaJava
Server operating systemshostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 7 VMLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data typesyes infostring, integer, double, boolean, date, object_idyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesnono
Secondary indexesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language (WOQL)yes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntaxno
APIs and other access methodsMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
OWL
RESTful HTTP API
WOQL (Web Object Query Language)
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
gRPC protocol
TypeDB Console (shell)
TypeDB Studio (Visualisation software- previously TypeDB Workbase)
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
JavaScript
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
All JVM based languages
Groovy
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Scala
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ryesuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shellno
Triggersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyesnono
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceGraph Partitioningyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributesShardingSharding infoby using Cassandra
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Journaling StreamsSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas infoSource-replica replicationMulti-source replication infoby using Cassandra
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonoyes infoby using Apache Kafka and Apache Zookeeper
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesnono infosubstituted by the relationship feature
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDnoACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infoin-memory journalingyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory AuthenticationRole-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and rolesyes infoat REST API level; other APIs in progress
More information provided by the system vendor
Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistTimescaleDBToroDBTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
Specific characteristicsTypeDB is a polymorphic database with a conceptual data model, a strong subtyping...
» more
Competitive advantagesTypeDB provides a new level of expressivity, extensibility, interoperability, and...
» more
Typical application scenariosLife sciences : TypeDB makes working with biological data much easier and accelerates...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsApache f or language drivers, and AGPL and Commercial for the database server. The...
» more

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerTerminusDB infoformer name was DataChemistTimescaleDBToroDBTypeDB infoformerly named Grakn
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