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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Snowflake vs. SurrealDB vs. TerarkDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. Snowflake vs. SurrealDB vs. TerarkDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonSnowflake  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparisonTerarkDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFully managed big data interactive analytics platformCloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured dataA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMSA key-value store forked from RocksDB with advanced compression algorithms. It can be used standalone or as a storage engine for MySQL and MongoDB
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score130.36
Rank#8  Overall
#5  Relational DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#190  Overall
#33  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Score0.08
Rank#367  Overall
#56  Key-value stores
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.snowflake.comsurrealdb.comgithub.com/­bytedance/­terarkdb
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.snowflake.net/­manuals/­index.htmlsurrealdb.com/­docsbytedance.larkoffice.com/­docs/­doccnZmYFqHBm06BbvYgjsHHcKc
DeveloperMicrosoftSnowflake Computing Inc.SurrealDB LtdByteDance, originally Terark
Initial release2019201420222016
Current releasecloud service with continuous releasesv1.5.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialcommercialOpen Sourcecommercial inforestricted open source version available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesyesnono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageRustC++
Server operating systemshostedhostedLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yes infosupport of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)schema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesno
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesno
Secondary indexesall fields are automatically indexedno
SQL infoSupport of SQLKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesSQL-like query languageno
APIs and other access methodsMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
C++ API
Java API
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
C++
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functionsno
Triggersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno infosimilar concept for controling cloud resourcesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yesnone
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDno
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory AuthenticationUsers with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authenticationyes, based on authentication and database rulesno

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerSnowflakeSurrealDBTerarkDB
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