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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL vs. Rockset vs. TempoIQ

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostgreSQL vs. Rockset vs. TempoIQ

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostgreSQL  Xexclude from comparisonRockset  Xexclude from comparisonTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB  Xexclude from comparison
TempoIQ seems to be decommissioned. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking.
DescriptionFully managed big data interactive analytics platformWidely used open source RDBMS infoDeveloped as objectoriented DBMS (Postgres), gradually enhanced with 'standards' like SQLA scalable, reliable search and analytics service in the cloud, built on RocksDBScalable analytics DBMS for sensor data, provided as a service (SaaS)
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMS infowith object oriented extensions, e.g.: user defined types/functions and inheritance. Handling of key/value pairs with hstore module.Document storeTime Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Document store
Graph DBMS infowith Apache Age
Spatial DBMS
Vector DBMS infowith pgvector extension
Relational DBMS
Search engine
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score636.25
Rank#4  Overall
#4  Relational DBMS
Score0.82
Rank#212  Overall
#36  Document stores
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.orgrockset.comtempoiq.com (offline)
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.postgresql.org/­docsdocs.rockset.com
DeveloperMicrosoftPostgreSQL Global Development Group infowww.postgresql.org/­developerRocksetTempoIQ
Initial release20191989 info1989: Postgres, 1996: PostgreSQL20192012
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases16.3, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoBSDcommercialcommercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnoyesyes
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++
Server operating systemshostedFreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
NetBSD
OpenBSD
OS X
Solaris
Unix
Windows
hosted
Data schemeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-freeschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesdynamic typingyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyes infospecific XML-type available, but no XML query functionality.no infoingestion from XML files supportedno
Secondary indexesall fields are automatically indexedyesall fields are automatically indexed
SQL infoSupport of SQLKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyes infostandard with numerous extensionsRead-only SQL queries, including JOINsno
APIs and other access methodsMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP RESTHTTP API
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
C#
Java
JavaScript infoNode.js
Python
Ruby
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functions inforealized in proprietary language PL/pgSQL or with common languages like Perl, Python, Tcl etc.nono
Triggersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesnoyes infoRealtime Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicepartitioning by range, list and (since PostgreSQL 11) by hashAutomatic sharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Source-replica replication infoother methods possible by using 3rd party extensionsyes
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnono
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDnono
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory Authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standardAccess rights for users and organizations can be defined via Rockset consolesimple authentication-based access control

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerPostgreSQLRocksetTempoIQ infoformerly TempoDB
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