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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostGIS vs. TimescaleDB vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostGIS vs. TimescaleDB vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFully managed big data interactive analytics platformSpatial extension of PostgreSQLA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQLA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSpatial DBMSTime Series DBMSDocument store
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score4.38
Rank#77  Overall
#41  Relational DBMS
Score22.69
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Score4.64
Rank#71  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerpostgis.netwww.timescale.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerpostgis.net/­documentationdocs.timescale.comwww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperMicrosoftTimescaleJuxt Ltd.
Initial release2019200520172019
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases3.4.2, February 20242.13.0, November 20231.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoGPL v2.0Open Source infoApache 2.0Open Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCCClojure
Server operating systemshostedLinux
OS X
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesyesschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data typesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesyesno
Secondary indexesall fields are automatically indexedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntaxlimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functionsuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shellno
Triggersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infobased on PostgreSQLyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infobased on PostgreSQLSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas infoyes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonono
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes infobased on PostgreSQLfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerPostGISTimescaleDBXTDB infoformerly named Crux
DB-Engines blog posts

Spatial database management systems
6 April 2021, Matthias Gelbmann

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