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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostGIS vs. Sequoiadb vs. TimescaleDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. PostGIS vs. Sequoiadb vs. TimescaleDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonPostGIS  Xexclude from comparisonSequoiadb  Xexclude from comparisonTimescaleDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFully managed big data interactive analytics platformSpatial extension of PostgreSQLNewSQL database with distributed OLTP and SQLA time series DBMS optimized for fast ingest and complex queries, based on PostgreSQL
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedSpatial DBMSDocument store
Relational DBMS
Time Series DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
Relational DBMSRelational DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.16
Rank#69  Overall
#37  Relational DBMS
Score23.90
Rank#29  Overall
#1  Spatial DBMS
Score0.48
Rank#260  Overall
#41  Document stores
#121  Relational DBMS
Score4.87
Rank#74  Overall
#4  Time Series DBMS
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerpostgis.netwww.sequoiadb.comwww.timescale.com
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerpostgis.net/­documentationwww.sequoiadb.com/­en/­index.php?m=Files&a=indexdocs.timescale.com
DeveloperMicrosoftSequoiadb Ltd.Timescale
Initial release2019200520132017
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases3.4.2, February 20242.13.0, November 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourcecommercialOpen Source infoGPL v2.0Open Source infoServer: AGPL; Client: Apache V2Open Source infoApache 2.0
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageCC++C
Server operating systemshostedLinuxLinux
OS X
Windows
Data schemeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesschema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyes infooid, date, timestamp, binary, regexnumerics, strings, booleans, arrays, JSON blobs, geospatial dimensions, currencies, binary data, other complex data types
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesyesnoyes
Secondary indexesall fields are automatically indexedyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetyesSQL-like query languageyes infofull PostgreSQL SQL syntax
APIs and other access methodsMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
proprietary protocol using JSONADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C++
Java
PHP
Python
.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Java infoJDBC
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Scheme
Tcl
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Ruser defined functionsJavaScriptuser defined functions, PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, PL/Python, PL/Java, PL/PHP, PL/R, PL/Ruby, PL/Scheme, PL/Unix shell
Triggersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceyes infobased on PostgreSQLShardingyes, across time and space (hash partitioning) attributes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.yes infobased on PostgreSQLSource-replica replicationSource-replica replication with hot standby and reads on replicas info
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Immediate ConsistencyEventual ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyesnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDDocument is locked during a transactionACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nononono
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory Authenticationyes infobased on PostgreSQLsimple password-based access controlfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
Microsoft Azure Data ExplorerPostGISSequoiadbTimescaleDB
DB-Engines blog posts

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6 April 2021, Matthias Gelbmann

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