this is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine

support for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer/time-series-analysis

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	3.80
Rank	#81	Overall
	#43	Relational DBMS

Score	1.68
Rank	#142	Overall
	#12	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.53
Rank	#254	Overall
	#117	Relational DBMS

Score	0.04
Rank	#387	Overall
	#61	Key-value stores

Website

azure.microsoft.com/services/data-explorer

opentsdb.net

www.postgres-xl.org

swaydb.simer.au

Technical documentation

docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/data-explorer

opentsdb.net/docs/build/html/index.html

www.postgres-xl.org/documentation

Developer

Microsoft

currently maintained by Yahoo and other contributors

Simer Plaha

Initial release

2019

2011

2014

since 2012, originally named StormDB

2018

Current release

cloud service with continuous releases

10 R1, October 2018

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

LGPL

Open Source

Mozilla public license

Open Source

GNU Affero GPL V3.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Scala

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
Windows

Linux
macOS

Data scheme

Fixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)

schema-free

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

bool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/query/scalar-data-types

numeric data for metrics, strings for tags

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

XML type, but no XML query functionality

Secondary indexes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Kusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subset

yes

distributed, parallel query execution

APIs and other access methods

Microsoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API

HTTP API
Telnet API

ADO.NET
JDBC
native C library
ODBC
streaming API for large objects

Supported programming languages

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R

Erlang
Go
Java
Python
R
Ruby

.Net
C
C++
Delphi
Erlang
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Tcl

Java
Kotlin
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

Yes, possible languages: KQL, Python, R

user defined functions

Triggers

yes

see docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/kusto/management/updatepolicy

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

based on HBase

horizontal partitioning

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.

selectable replication factor

based on HBase

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Spark connector (open source): github.com/Azure/azure-kusto-spark

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency

based on HBase

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

MVCC

Atomic execution of operations

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Azure Active Directory Authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

More information provided by the system vendor

We invite representatives of system vendors to contact us for updating and extending the system information,
and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

Related products and services

We invite representatives of vendors of related products to contact us for presenting information about their offerings here.

More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Time Series DBMS are the database category with the fastest increase in popularity
4 July 2016, Matthias Gelbmann

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Recent citations in the news

We’re retiring Azure Time Series Insights on 7 July 2024 – transition to Azure Data Explorer | Azure updates
31 May 2024, Microsoft

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20 February 2024, Microsoft

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8 January 2024, Microsoft

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5 February 2024, Microsoft

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4 December 2023, Microsoft

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