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DBMS > Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. mSQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. SurrealDB

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. mSQL vs. NebulaGraph vs. SurrealDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonmSQL infoMini SQL  Xexclude from comparisonNebulaGraph  Xexclude from comparisonSurrealDB  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionFully managed big data interactive analytics platformmSQL (Mini SQL) is a simple and lightweight RDBMSA distributed, linear scalable, high perfomant Graph DBMSA fully ACID transactional, developer-friendly, multi-model DBMS
Primary database modelRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedRelational DBMSGraph DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score1.27
Rank#169  Overall
#76  Relational DBMS
Score2.23
Rank#116  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
Score1.02
Rank#190  Overall
#33  Document stores
#18  Graph DBMS
Websiteazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerhughestech.com.au/­products/­msqlgithub.com/­vesoft-inc/­nebula
www.nebula-graph.io
surrealdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerdocs.nebula-graph.iosurrealdb.com/­docs
DeveloperMicrosoftHughes TechnologiesVesoft Inc.SurrealDB Ltd
Initial release2019199420192022
Current releasecloud service with continuous releases4.4, October 2021v1.5.0, May 2024
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercialcommercial infofree licenses can be providedOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0 + Common Clause 1.0Open Source
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud serviceyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageCC++Rust
Server operating systemshostedAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
LinuxLinux
macOS
Windows
Data schemeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)yesStrong typed schemaschema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnono
Secondary indexesall fields are automatically indexedyesyes infoNebula Graph internally uses the Key-Value store RocksDB for persistency. The vertices, edges, and their properties are stored as Key while their values are stored as Value. The primary indexes are per Key and secondary indexes are per Value.
SQL infoSupport of SQLKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetA subset of ANSI SQL is implemented infono subqueries, aggregate functions, views, foreign keys, triggersSQL-like query languageSQL-like query language
APIs and other access methodsMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
JDBC
ODBC
Browser interface
console (shell)
Cypher Query Language
GO Object Graph Mapper
Java Object Graph Mapper
NGBatis infoORM framework for NebulaGraph and Spring-Boot
Proprietary native API
Python Object Graph Mapper
Query language nGQL
GraphQL
RESTful HTTP API
WebSocket
Supported programming languages.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
C
C++
Delphi
Java
Perl
PHP
Tcl
.Net
C++
Go
Java
PHP
Python
Deno
Go
JavaScript (Node.js)
Rust
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, Rnouser defined functions
Triggersyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud servicenoneSharding
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.noneCausal Clustering using Raft protocol
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparknonono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
noneImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes infoRelationships in graphs
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesnoyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyes infousing RocksDByes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.nonoyes
User concepts infoAccess controlAzure Active Directory AuthenticationnoRole-based access controlyes, based on authentication and database rules
More information provided by the system vendor
Microsoft Azure Data ExplorermSQL infoMini SQLNebulaGraphSurrealDB
Specific characteristicsNebulaGraph is a truly distributed, linearly scalable, lightning-fast graph database,...
» more
Competitive advantagesNebulaGraph boasts the world's only graph database solution that is able to host...
» more
Typical application scenariosSocial networking Fraud detection Knowledge graph Data warehouse management Anti...
» more
Key customersCompanies from a variety of industries have implemented NebulaGraph Database in production,...
» more
Market metricsAt our very early stage, NebulaGraph has already received over 10,000 stars on GitHub...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsNebulaGraph is open source and free to use under Apache 2.0 license.
» more

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Microsoft Azure Data ExplorermSQL infoMini SQLNebulaGraphSurrealDB
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