DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RDF4J vs. Snowflake vs. Vertica vs. Warp 10

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. RDF4J vs. Snowflake vs. Vertica vs. Warp 10

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Cloud-based data warehousing service for structured and semi-structured data

Cloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.

TimeSeries DBMS specialized on timestamped geo data based on LevelDB or HBase

Primary database model

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

RDF store

Relational DBMS

Column oriented

Time Series DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Spatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	27.71
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	130.36
Rank	#8	Overall
	#5	Relational DBMS

Score	10.06
Rank	#42	Overall
	#26	Relational DBMS

Score	0.14
Rank	#344	Overall
	#32	Time Series DBMS

Website

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

Technical documentation

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

rdf4j.org/documentation

docs.snowflake.net/manuals/index.html

vertica.com/documentation

www.warp10.io/content/02_Getting_started

Developer

Microsoft

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Snowflake Computing Inc.

OpenText

previously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard

SenX

Initial release

2014

2004

2014

2005

2015

Current release

12.0.3, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

commercial

Limited community edition free

Open Source

Apache License 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

on-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

hosted

Linux

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

support of semi-structured data formats (JSON, XML, Avro)

Yes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

yes

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

No Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

Full 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.

APIs and other access methods

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

CLI Client
JDBC
ODBC

ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL

character-based, interactive, front-end utility

HTTP API
Jupyter
WebSocket

Supported programming languages

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

Java
PHP
Python

JavaScript (Node.js)
Python

C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

yes

user defined functions

yes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences

yes

WarpScript

Triggers

JavaScript

yes

similar concept for controling cloud resources

yes, called Custom Alerts

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

yes

horizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning

Sharding

based on HBase

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

yes

Multi-source replication

One, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.

selectable replication factor

based on HBase

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Bi-directional Spark integration

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

based on HBase

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Users with fine-grained authorization concept, user roles and pluggable authentication

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

Mandatory use of cryptographic tokens, containing fine-grained authorizations

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

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Licensing and pricing models

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