DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OrientDB vs. RethinkDB vs. Spark SQL

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. OrientDB vs. RethinkDB vs. Spark SQL

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

Multi-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)

DBMS for the Web with a mechanism to push updated query results to applications in realtime.

Spark SQL is a component on top of 'Spark Core' for structured data processing

Primary database model

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store

Document store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	3.19
Rank	#93	Overall
	#16	Document stores
	#7	Graph DBMS
	#14	Key-value stores

Score	2.74
Rank	#105	Overall
	#19	Document stores

Score	18.96
Rank	#33	Overall
	#20	Relational DBMS

Website

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

orientdb.org

rethinkdb.com

spark.apache.org/sql

Technical documentation

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

www.orientdb.com/docs/last/index.html

rethinkdb.com/docs

spark.apache.org/docs/latest/sql-programming-guide.html

Developer

Microsoft

OrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAP

The Linux Foundation

since July 2017

Apache Software Foundation

Initial release

2014

2010

2009

2014

Current release

3.2.29, March 2024

2.4.1, August 2020

3.5.0 ( 2.13), September 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Apache version 2

Open Source

Apache Version 2

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

Java

C++

Scala

Server operating systems

hosted

All OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)

Linux
OS X
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

Schema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")

schema-free

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

string, binary, float, bool, date, geometry

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

SQL-like query language, no joins

SQL-like DML and DDL statements

APIs and other access methods

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

JDBC
ODBC

Supported programming languages

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala

community-supported driver
C#

community-supported driver
C++

community-supported driver
Clojure

community-supported driver
Dart

community-supported driver
Erlang

community-supported driver
Go

community-supported driver
Haskell

community-supported driver
Java

official driver
JavaScript (Node.js)

official driver
Lisp

community-supported driver
Lua

community-supported driver
Objective-C

community-supported driver
Perl

community-supported driver
PHP

community-supported driver
Python

official driver
Ruby

official driver
Scala

community-supported driver

Java
Python
R
Scala

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

Java, Javascript

Triggers

JavaScript

Hooks

Client-side triggers through changefeeds

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

range based

yes, utilizing Spark Core

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Multi-source replication

Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

could be achieved with distributed queries

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationship in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Atomic single-document operations

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

MVCC based

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Access rights for users and roles; record level security configurable

yes

users and table-level permissions

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