DBMS > Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. MonetDB vs. Stardog vs. TimesTen vs. TinkerGraph

System Properties Comparison Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. MonetDB vs. Stardog vs. TimesTen vs. TinkerGraph

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A relational database management system that stores data in columns

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

An in-memory SQL relational database that delivers microsecond response and high throughput for OLTP applications. TimesTen can be deployed as a standalone database or as a cache to a backend Oracle database.

A lightweight, in-memory graph engine that serves as a reference implementation of the TinkerPop3 API

Primary database model

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Document store
Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	24.97
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	1.72
Rank	#135	Overall
	#62	Relational DBMS

Score	1.93
Rank	#121	Overall
	#10	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	1.26
Rank	#164	Overall
	#75	Relational DBMS

Score	0.08
Rank	#345	Overall
	#34	Graph DBMS

Website

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

www.monetdb.org

www.stardog.com

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

tinkerpop.apache.org/docs/current/reference/#tinkergraph-gremlin

Technical documentation

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

www.monetdb.org/Documentation

docs.stardog.com

docs.oracle.com/en/database/other-databases/timesten/index.html

Developer

Microsoft

MonetDB BV

Stardog-Union

Oracle

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

2014

2004

2010

1998

2009

Current release

Dec2023 (11.49), December 2023

7.3.0, May 2020

Release 22.1

License

Commercial or Open Source

commercial

Open Source

Mozilla Public License 2.0

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

commercial

Open Source

Apache 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

Java

Server operating systems

hosted

FreeBSD
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

IBM AIX Power PC 64-bit
Linux arm64
Linux x86-64
Solaris SPARC 64
Solaris SPARC/x86
Solaris x86-64

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL 2003 with some extensions

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

yes

APIs and other access methods

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

JDBC
native C library

MAPI library (MonetDB application programming interface)
ODBC

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Pro*C/C++ programming interfaces
SQL and PL/SQL via JDBC

TinkerPop 3

Supported programming languages

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

C
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

C
C++
Java
Node.js
PL/SQL
Python

Groovy
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

yes, in SQL, C, R

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

PL/SQL

Triggers

JavaScript

yes

via event handlers

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding via remote tables

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

none

Source-replica replication available in experimental status

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

none

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

none

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Relationships in graphs

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

optional

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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