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DBMS > MarkLogic vs. Neo4j vs. Realm vs. Virtuoso vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison MarkLogic vs. Neo4j vs. Realm vs. Virtuoso vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameMarkLogic  Xexclude from comparisonNeo4j  Xexclude from comparisonRealm  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparisonXTDB infoformerly named Crux  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionOperational and transactional Enterprise NoSQL databaseScalable, ACID-compliant graph database designed with a high-performance distributed cluster architecture, available in self-hosted and cloud offeringsA DBMS built for use on mobile devices that’s a fast, easy to use alternative to SQLite and Core DataVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphsA general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries
Primary database modelDocument store
Native XML DBMS
RDF store infoas of version 7
Search engine
Graph DBMSDocument storeDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Document store
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score5.92
Rank#58  Overall
#10  Document stores
#1  Native XML DBMS
#1  RDF stores
#6  Search engines
Score44.46
Rank#23  Overall
#1  Graph DBMS
Score7.60
Rank#52  Overall
#9  Document stores
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Score0.11
Rank#343  Overall
#46  Document stores
Websitewww.marklogic.comneo4j.comrealm.iovirtuoso.openlinksw.comgithub.com/­xtdb/­xtdb
www.xtdb.com
Technical documentationdocs.marklogic.comneo4j.com/­docsrealm.io/­docsdocs.openlinksw.com/­virtuosowww.xtdb.com/­docs
DeveloperMarkLogic Corp.Neo4j, Inc.Realm, acquired by MongoDB in May 2019OpenLink SoftwareJuxt Ltd.
Initial release20012007201419982019
Current release11.0, December 20225.19, April 20247.2.11, September 20231.19, September 2021
License infoCommercial or Open Sourcecommercial inforestricted free version is availableOpen Source infoGPL version3, commercial licenses availableOpen SourceOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license availableOpen Source infoMIT License
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Neo4j Aura: Neo4j’s fully managed cloud service: The zero-admin, always-on graph database for cloud developers.
Implementation languageC++Java, ScalaCClojure
Server operating systemsLinux
OS X
Windows
Linux infoCan also be used server-less as embedded Java database.
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Android
Backend: server-less
iOS
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux
Data schemeschema-free infoSchema can be enforcedschema-free and schema-optionalyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
schema-free
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or dateyesyesyesyesyes, extensible-data-notation format
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.yesnoyesno
Secondary indexesyesyes infopluggable indexing subsystem, by default Apache Luceneyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLyes infoSQL92nonoyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLXlimited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite
APIs and other access methodsJava API
Node.js Client API
ODBC
proprietary Optic API infoProprietary Query API, introduced with version 9
RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL
WebDAV
XDBC
XQuery
XSLT
Bolt protocol
Cypher query language
Java API
Neo4j-OGM infoObject Graph Mapper
RESTful HTTP API
Spring Data Neo4j
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
HTTP REST
JDBC
Supported programming languagesC
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
.Net
Clojure
Elixir
Go
Groovy
Haskell
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Java infowith Android only
Objective-C
React Native
Swift
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Clojure
Java
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresyes infovia XQuery or JavaScriptyes infoUser defined Procedures and Functionsno inforuns within the applications so server-side scripts are unnecessaryyes infoVirtuoso PLno
Triggersyesyes infovia event handleryes infoChange Listenersyesno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesShardingyes using Neo4j Fabricnoneyesnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesyesCausal Clustering using Raft protocol infoavailable in in Enterprise Version onlynoneChain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
yes, each node contains all data
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsyes infovia Hadoop Connector, HDFS Direct Access and in-database MapReduce jobsnonoyesno
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyCausal and Eventual Consistency configurable in Causal Cluster setup
Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode
Immediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes infoRelationships in graphsnoyesno
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of dataACID infocan act as a resource manager in an XA/JTA transactionACIDACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyesyesyesyes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yes, with Range Indexesyes infoIn-Memory realmyes
User concepts infoAccess controlRole-based access control at the document and subdocument levelsUsers, roles and permissions. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)yesFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
MarkLogicNeo4jRealmVirtuosoXTDB infoformerly named Crux
Specific characteristicsNeo4j delivers graph technology that has been battle tested for performance and scale...
» more
Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesNeo4j is the market leader, graph database category creator, and the most widely...
» more
Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosReal-Time Recommendations Master Data Management Identity and Access Management Network...
» more
Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersOver 800 commercial customers and over 4300 startups use Neo4j. Flagship customers...
» more
Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsNeo4j boasts the world's largest graph database ecosystem with more than 140 million...
» more
Largest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsGPL v3 license that can be used all the places where you might use MySQL. Neo4j Commercial...
» more
Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more
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