DBMS > LevelDB vs. Stardog vs. Transbase vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Stardog vs. Transbase vs. XTDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Enterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualization

A resource-optimized, high-performance, universally applicable RDBMS

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	2.02
Rank	#123	Overall
	#11	Graph DBMS
	#6	RDF stores

Score	0.11
Rank	#341	Overall
	#150	Relational DBMS

Score	0.11
Rank	#343	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

github.com/google/leveldb

www.stardog.com

www.transaction.de/en/products/transbase.html

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

docs.stardog.com

www.transaction.de/en/products/transbase/features.html

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Google

Stardog-Union

Transaction Software GmbH

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2011

2010

1987

2019

Current release

1.23, February 2021

7.3.0, May 2020

Transbase 8.3, 2022

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

BSD

commercial

60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/students

commercial

free development license

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java

C and C++

Clojure

Server operating systems

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

FreeBSD
Linux
macOS
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

schema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema support

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Import/export of XML data possible

Secondary indexes

yes

supports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatial

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

Yes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL Server

yes

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

GraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3

ADO.NET
JDBC
ODBC
Proprietary native API

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby

C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Kotlin
Objective-C
PHP
Python

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

user defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Java

yes

Triggers

yes

via event handlers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Multi-source replication in HA-Cluster

Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Immediate Consistency in HA-Cluster

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

relationships in graphs

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

yes

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights for users and roles

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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