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DBMS > LevelDB vs. Stardog vs. Tkrzw vs. Vertica

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Stardog vs. Tkrzw vs. Vertica

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonStardog  Xexclude from comparisonTkrzw infoSuccessor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto Cabinet  Xexclude from comparisonVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesEnterprise Knowledge Graph platform and graph DBMS with high availability, high performance reasoning, and virtualizationA concept of libraries, allowing an application program to store and query key-value pairs in a file. Successor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto CabinetCloud or off-cloud analytical database and query engine for structured and semi-structured streaming and batch data. Machine learning platform with built-in algorithms, data preparation capabilities, and model evaluation and management via SQL or Python.
Primary database modelKey-value storeGraph DBMS
RDF store
Key-value storeRelational DBMS infoColumn oriented
Secondary database modelsSpatial DBMS
Time Series DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.33
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score1.93
Rank#121  Overall
#10  Graph DBMS
#6  RDF stores
Score0.00
Rank#385  Overall
#61  Key-value stores
Score9.62
Rank#42  Overall
#26  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­google/­leveldbwww.stardog.comdbmx.net/­tkrzwwww.vertica.com
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.stardog.comvertica.com/­documentation
DeveloperGoogleStardog-UnionMikio HirabayashiOpenText infopreviously Micro Focus and Hewlett Packard
Initial release2011201020202005
Current release1.23, February 20217.3.0, May 20200.9.3, August 202012.0.3, January 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDcommercial info60-day fully-featured trial license; 1-year fully-featured non-commercial use license for academics/studentsOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial infoLimited community edition free
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenononono infoon-premises, all major clouds - Amazon AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google Cloud Platform and containers
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

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Implementation languageC++JavaC++C++
Server operating systemsIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
Linux
macOS
Windows
Linux
macOS
Linux
Data schemeschema-freeschema-free and OWL/RDFS-schema supportschema-freeYes, but also semi-structure/unstructured data storage, and complex hierarchical data (like Parquet) stored and/or queried.
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyesnoyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nono infoImport/export of XML data possiblenono
Secondary indexesnoyes infosupports real-time indexing in full-text and geospatialNo Indexes Required. Different internal optimization strategy, but same functionality included.
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoYes, compatible with all major SQL variants through dedicated BI/SQL ServernoFull 1999 standard plus machine learning, time series and geospatial. Over 650 functions.
APIs and other access methodsGraphQL query language
HTTP API
Jena RDF API
OWL
RDF4J API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SNARL
SPARQL
Spring Data
Stardog Studio
TinkerPop 3
ADO.NET
JDBC
Kafka Connector
ODBC
RESTful HTTP API
Spark Connector
vSQL infocharacter-based, interactive, front-end utility
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
Clojure
Groovy
Java
JavaScript
Python
Ruby
C++
Java
Python
Ruby
C#
C++
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnouser defined functions and aggregates, HTTP Server extensions in Javanoyes, PostgreSQL PL/pgSQL, with minor differences
Triggersnoyes infovia event handlersnoyes, called Custom Alerts
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenonehorizontal partitioning, hierarchical partitioning
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneMulti-source replication in HA-ClusternoneMulti-source replication infoOne, or more copies of data replicated across nodes, or object-store used for repository.
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnononono infoBi-directional Spark integration
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency in HA-ClusterImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynoyes inforelationships in graphsnoyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.yesyes infousing specific database classesno
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAccess rights for users and rolesnofine grained access rights according to SQL-standard; supports Kerberos, LDAP, Ident and hash

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More resources
LevelDBStardogTkrzw infoSuccessor of Tokyo Cabinet and Kyoto CabinetVertica infoOpenText™ Vertica™
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