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DBMS > etcd vs. LevelDB vs. SpatiaLite vs. TimesTen vs. Virtuoso

System Properties Comparison etcd vs. LevelDB vs. SpatiaLite vs. TimesTen vs. Virtuoso

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
Nameetcd  Xexclude from comparisonLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonSpatiaLite  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparisonVirtuoso  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionA distributed reliable key-value storeEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesSpatial extension of SQLiteIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to OracleVirtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs
Primary database modelKey-value storeKey-value storeSpatial DBMSRelational DBMSDocument store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine
Secondary database modelsRelational DBMSSpatial DBMS
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score7.25
Rank#54  Overall
#5  Key-value stores
Score2.35
Rank#111  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score1.60
Rank#149  Overall
#3  Spatial DBMS
Score1.31
Rank#163  Overall
#74  Relational DBMS
Score4.26
Rank#78  Overall
#13  Document stores
#4  Graph DBMS
#2  Native XML DBMS
#42  Relational DBMS
#2  RDF stores
#9  Search engines
Websiteetcd.io
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd
github.com/­google/­leveldbwww.gaia-gis.it/­fossil/­libspatialite/­indexwww.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.htmlvirtuoso.openlinksw.com
Technical documentationetcd.io/­docs
github.com/­etcd-io/­etcd/­tree/­master/­Documentation
github.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mdwww.gaia-gis.it/­gaia-sins/­spatialite_topics.htmldocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1docs.openlinksw.com/­virtuoso
DeveloperGoogleAlessandro FurieriOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005OpenLink Software
Initial release2011200819981998
Current release3.4, August 20191.23, February 20215.0.0, August 202011 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)7.2.11, September 2023
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoApache Version 2.0Open Source infoBSDOpen Source infoMPL 1.1, GPL v2.0 or LGPL v2.1commercialOpen Source infoGPLv2, extended commercial license available
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenonononono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageGoC++C++C
Server operating systemsFreeBSD
Linux
Windows infoexperimental
Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
server-lessAIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeschema-freeyesyesyes infoSQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenonoyesyesyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.nonononoyes
Secondary indexesnonoyesyesyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnonoyesyesyes infoSQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX
APIs and other access methodsgRPC
JSON over HTTP
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT
Supported programming languages.Net
C
C++
Clojure
Erlang
Go
Haskell
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Perl
PHP
Python
R
Ruby
Rust
Scala
Tcl
C++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnononoPL/SQLyes infoVirtuoso PL
Triggersyes, watching key changesnoyesnoyes
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnonenonenoneyes
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesUsing Raft consensus algorithm to ensure data replication with strong consistency among multiple replicas.nonenoneMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnonononoyes
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyImmediate ConsistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configurationImmediate Consistency
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyesyesyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyesyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpointsyes
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnononofine grained access rights according to SQL-standardFine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)
More information provided by the system vendor
etcdLevelDBSpatiaLiteTimesTenVirtuoso
Specific characteristicsVirtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more
Competitive advantagesPerformance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more
Typical application scenariosUsed for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more
Key customersBroad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more
Market metricsLargest installed-base ​of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more
Licensing and pricing modelsAvailable in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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etcdLevelDBSpatiaLiteTimesTenVirtuoso
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