DBMS > LevelDB vs. RDF4J vs. Titan vs. ToroDB

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. RDF4J vs. Titan vs. ToroDB

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Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.

ToroDB seems to be discontinued. Therefore it is excluded from the DB-Engines Ranking.

Description

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.

A MongoDB-compatible JSON document store, built on top of PostgreSQL

Primary database model

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.69
Rank	#230	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Website

github.com/google/leveldb

rdf4j.org

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan

github.com/torodb/server

Technical documentation

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

rdf4j.org/documentation

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan/wiki

Developer

Google

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Aurelius, owned by DataStax

8Kdata

Initial release

2011

2004

2012

2016

Current release

1.23, February 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

Open Source

Apache license, version 2.0

Open Source

AGPL-V3

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

All OS with a Java 7 VM

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

string, integer, double, boolean, date, object_id

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

APIs and other access methods

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster

Supported programming languages

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Java
PHP
Python

Clojure
Java
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

yes

via pluggable storage backends

Sharding

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via Faunus, a graph analytics engine

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graph

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast

yes

User concepts

Access control

User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

Access rights for users and roles

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More resources

DB-Engines blog posts

Graph DBMS increased their popularity by 500% within the last 2 years
3 March 2015, Paul Andlinger

Graph DBMSs are gaining in popularity faster than any other database category
21 January 2014, Matthias Gelbmann

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