DBMS > LevelDB vs. OpenSearch vs. RDF4J vs. SpaceTime vs. Titan

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. OpenSearch vs. RDF4J vs. SpaceTime vs. Titan

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Titan has been decommisioned after the takeover by Datastax. It will be removed from the DB-Engines ranking. A fork has been open-sourced as JanusGraph.

Description

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

A distributed, RESTful search and analytics engine forked from Elasticsearch and based on Apache Lucene

RDF4J is a Java framework for processing RDF data, supporting both memory-based and a disk-based storage.

SpaceTime is a spatio-temporal DBMS with a focus on performance.

Titan is a Graph DBMS optimized for distributed clusters.

Primary database model

Secondary database models

Vector DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	16.03
Rank	#37	Overall
	#4	Search engines

Score	0.74
Rank	#222	Overall
	#9	RDF stores

Score	0.03
Rank	#392	Overall
	#8	Spatial DBMS

Website

github.com/google/leveldb

github.com/opensearch-project
opensearch.org

rdf4j.org

www.mireo.com/spacetime

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan

Technical documentation

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

opensearch.org/docs/latest

rdf4j.org/documentation

github.com/thinkaurelius/titan/wiki

Developer

Google

Amazon Web Services

Since 2016 officially forked into an Eclipse project, former developer was Aduna Software.

Mireo

Aurelius, owned by DataStax

Initial release

2011

2021

2004

2020

2012

Current release

1.23, February 2021

2.5.0, January 2023

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

Eclipse Distribution License (EDL), v1.0.

commercial

Open Source

Apache license, version 2.0

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

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Implementation language

C++

Java

C++

Java

Server operating systems

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

All OS with a Java VM

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Linux

Linux
OS X
Unix
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

Flexible type definitions. Once a type is defined, it is persistent

yes

RDF Schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All search fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

A subset of ANSI SQL is implemented

APIs and other access methods

Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

Java API
RIO

RDF Input/Output
Sail API
SeRQL

Sesame RDF Query Language
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SPARQL

RESTful HTTP API

Java API
TinkerPop Blueprints
TinkerPop Frames
TinkerPop Gremlin
TinkerPop Rexster

Supported programming languages

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby

Elasticsearch client

Java
PHP
Python

C#
C++
Python

Clojure
Java
Python

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Triggers

yes

by using the 'percolation' feature

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

none

Fixed-grid hypercubes

yes

via pluggable storage backends

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

none

Real-time block device replication (DRBD)

yes

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

via Faunus, a graph analytics engine

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Synchronous doc based replication. Get by ID may show delays up to 1 sec. Configurable write consistency: one, quorum, all

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Relationships in graph

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Isolation support depends on the API used

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

in-memory storage is supported as well

yes

Supports various storage backends: Cassandra, HBase, Berkeley DB, Akiban, Hazelcast

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

User concepts

Access control

yes

User authentification and security via Rexster Graph Server

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

OpenSearch is a highly scalable and extensible open-source software suite for search,...
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Competitive advantages

Distributed as fully open source under Apache License, Version 2.0 (ALv2), OpenSearch...
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Typical application scenarios

The OpenSearch platform is used across a broad range of search , analytics, and observability...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

The OpenSearch Project offers open source software licensed under Apache License...
» more

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