DBMS > LevelDB vs. NSDb vs. OrigoDB vs. Virtuoso vs. XTDB

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. NSDb vs. OrigoDB vs. Virtuoso vs. XTDB

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Scalable, High-performance Time Series DBMS designed for Real-time Analytics on top of Kubernetes

A fully ACID in-memory object graph database

Virtuoso is a multi-model hybrid-RDBMS that supports management of data represented as relational tables and/or property graphs

A general purpose database with bitemporal SQL and Datalog and graph queries

Primary database model

Key-value store

Time Series DBMS

Document store
Object oriented DBMS

Document store
Graph DBMS
Native XML DBMS
Relational DBMS
RDF store
Search engine

Document store

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.25
Rank	#115	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	0.08
Rank	#369	Overall
	#40	Time Series DBMS

Score	0.06
Rank	#380	Overall
	#50	Document stores
	#18	Object oriented DBMS

Score	4.27
Rank	#73	Overall
	#13	Document stores
	#4	Graph DBMS
	#2	Native XML DBMS
	#39	Relational DBMS
	#2	RDF stores
	#9	Search engines

Score	0.18
Rank	#332	Overall
	#46	Document stores

Website

github.com/google/leveldb

nsdb.io

origodb.com

virtuoso.openlinksw.com

github.com/xtdb/xtdb
www.xtdb.com

Technical documentation

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

nsdb.io/Architecture

origodb.com/docs

docs.openlinksw.com/virtuoso

www.xtdb.com/docs

Developer

Google

Robert Friberg et al

OpenLink Software

Juxt Ltd.

Initial release

2011

2017

2009

under the name LiveDB

1998

2019

Current release

1.23, February 2021

7.2.11, September 2023

1.19, September 2021

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

BSD

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

Open Source

GPLv2, extended commercial license available

Open Source

MIT License

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Java, Scala

Clojure

Server operating systems

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

Linux
macOS

Linux
Windows

AIX
FreeBSD
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris
Windows

All OS with a Java 8 (and higher) VM
Linux

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

SQL - Standard relational schema
RDF - Quad (S, P, O, G) or Triple (S, P, O)
XML - DTD, XML Schema
DAV - freeform filesystem objects, plus User Defined Types a/k/a Dynamic Extension Type

schema-free

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes: int, bigint, decimal, string

User defined using .NET types and collections

yes

yes, extensible-data-notation format

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

can be achieved using .NET

yes

Secondary indexes

all fields are automatically indexed

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

SQL-92, SQL-200x, SQL-3, SQLX

limited SQL, making use of Apache Calcite

APIs and other access methods

gRPC
HTTP REST
WebSocket

.NET Client API
HTTP API
LINQ

ADO.NET
GeoSPARQL
HTTP API
JDBC
Jena RDF API
ODBC
OLE DB
RDF4J API
RESTful HTTP API
Sesame REST HTTP Protocol
SOAP webservices
SPARQL 1.1
WebDAV
XPath
XQuery
XSLT

HTTP REST
JDBC

Supported programming languages

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

Java
Scala

.Net

.Net
C
C#
C++
Java
JavaScript
Perl
PHP
Python
Ruby
Visual Basic

Clojure
Java

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

yes

Virtuoso PL

Triggers

yes

Domain Events

yes

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

horizontal partitioning

client side managed; servers are not synchronized

yes

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

Source-replica replication

Chain, star, and bi-directional replication
Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

yes, each node contains all data

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

yes

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Eventual Consistency

Immediate Consistency

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

depending on model

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

Using Apache Lucene

yes

Write ahead log

yes

yes, flexibel persistency by using storage technologies like Apache Kafka, RocksDB or LMDB

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Role based authorization

Fine-grained Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) in addition to typical coarse-grained Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) according to SQL-standard. Pluggable authentication with supported standards (LDAP, Active Directory, Kerberos)

More information provided by the system vendor

Specific characteristics

Virtuoso is a modern multi-model RDBMS for managing data represented as tabular relations...
» more

Competitive advantages

Performance & Scale — as exemplified by DBpedia and the LOD Cloud it spawned, i.e.,...
» more

Typical application scenarios

Used for — Analytics/BI Conceptual Data Virtualization Enterprise Knowledge Graphs...
» more

Key customers

Broad use across enterprises and governments including — European Union (EU) US Government...
» more

Market metrics

Largest installed-base of Multi-Model RDBMS for AI-friendly Knowledge Graphs Platform...
» more

Licensing and pricing models

Available in both Commercial Enterprise and Open Source (GPL v2) Editions Feature...
» more

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and for displaying vendor-provided information such as key customers, competitive advantages and market metrics.

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