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DBMS > LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OrientDB vs. Qdrant vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Data Explorer vs. OrientDB vs. Qdrant vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines
NameLevelDB  Xexclude from comparisonMicrosoft Azure Data Explorer  Xexclude from comparisonOrientDB  Xexclude from comparisonQdrant  Xexclude from comparisonTimesTen  Xexclude from comparison
DescriptionEmbeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string valuesFully managed big data interactive analytics platformMulti-model DBMS (Document, Graph, Key/Value)A high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matchingIn-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle
Primary database modelKey-value storeRelational DBMS infocolumn orientedDocument store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Vector DBMSRelational DBMS
Secondary database modelsDocument store infoIf a column is of type dynamic docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-types/­dynamic then it's possible to add arbitrary JSON documents in this cell
Event Store infothis is the general usage pattern at Microsoft. Billing, Logs, Telemetry events are stored in ADX and the state of an individual entity is defined by the arg_max(timestamps)
Spatial DBMS
Search engine infosupport for complex search expressions docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­parseoperator FTS, Geospatial docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­geo-point-to-geohash-function distributed search -> ADX acts as a distributed search engine
Time Series DBMS infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorer/­time-series-analysis
DB-Engines Ranking infomeasures the popularity of database management systemsranking trend
Trend Chart
Score2.25
Rank#115  Overall
#19  Key-value stores
Score3.80
Rank#81  Overall
#43  Relational DBMS
Score3.25
Rank#89  Overall
#16  Document stores
#6  Graph DBMS
#13  Key-value stores
Score1.28
Rank#167  Overall
#6  Vector DBMS
Score1.36
Rank#161  Overall
#75  Relational DBMS
Websitegithub.com/­google/­leveldbazure.microsoft.com/­services/­data-explorerorientdb.orggithub.com/­qdrant/­qdrant
qdrant.tech
www.oracle.com/­database/­technologies/­related/­timesten.html
Technical documentationgithub.com/­google/­leveldb/­blob/­main/­doc/­index.mddocs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­data-explorerwww.orientdb.com/­docs/­last/­index.htmlqdrant.tech/­documentationdocs.oracle.com/­database/­timesten-18.1
DeveloperGoogleMicrosoftOrientDB LTD; CallidusCloud; SAPQdrantOracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP infooriginally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005
Initial release20112019201020211998
Current release1.23, February 2021cloud service with continuous releases3.2.29, March 202411 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)
License infoCommercial or Open SourceOpen Source infoBSDcommercialOpen Source infoApache version 2Open Source infoApache Version 2.0commercial
Cloud-based only infoOnly available as a cloud servicenoyesnonono
DBaaS offerings (sponsored links) infoDatabase as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.
Implementation languageC++JavaRust
Server operating systemsIllumos
Linux
OS X
Windows
hostedAll OS with a Java JDK (>= JDK 6)Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows
AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows
Data schemeschema-freeFixed schema with schema-less datatypes (dynamic)schema-free infoSchema can be enforced for whole record ("schema-full") or for some fields only ("schema-hybrid")schema-freeyes
Typing infopredefined data types such as float or datenoyes infobool, datetime, dynamic, guid, int, long, real, string, timespan, double: docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­query/­scalar-data-typesyesNumbers, Strings, Geo, Booleanyes
XML support infoSome form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.noyesnonono
Secondary indexesnoall fields are automatically indexedyesyes infoKeywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-textyes
SQL infoSupport of SQLnoKusto Query Language (KQL), SQL subsetSQL-like query language, no joinsnoyes
APIs and other access methodsMicrosoft SQL Server communication protocol (MS-TDS)
RESTful HTTP API
Tinkerpop technology stack with Blueprints, Gremlin, Pipes
Java API
RESTful HTTP/JSON API
gRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API infoOpenAPI 3.0
JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)
Supported programming languagesC++
Go
Java info3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js) info3rd party binding
Python info3rd party binding
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
PowerShell
Python
R
.Net
C
C#
C++
Clojure
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
PHP
Python
Ruby
Scala
.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust
C
C++
Java
PL/SQL
Server-side scripts infoStored proceduresnoYes, possible languages: KQL, Python, RJava, JavascriptPL/SQL
Triggersnoyes infosee docs.microsoft.com/­en-us/­azure/­kusto/­management/­updatepolicyHooksno
Partitioning methods infoMethods for storing different data on different nodesnoneSharding infoImplicit feature of the cloud serviceShardingShardingnone
Replication methods infoMethods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodesnoneyes infoImplicit feature of the cloud service. Replication either local, cross-facility or geo-redundant.Multi-source replicationCollection-level replicationMulti-source replication
Source-replica replication
MapReduce infoOffers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methodsnoSpark connector (open source): github.com/­Azure/­azure-kusto-sparkno infocould be achieved with distributed queriesnono
Consistency concepts infoMethods to ensure consistency in a distributed systemImmediate ConsistencyEventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency
Eventual Consistency, tunable consistencyImmediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration
Foreign keys infoReferential integritynonoyes inforelationship in graphsyes
Transaction concepts infoSupport to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of datanonoACIDACID
Concurrency infoSupport for concurrent manipulation of datayesyesyesyesyes
Durability infoSupport for making data persistentyes infowith automatic compression on writesyesyesyesyes infoby means of logfiles and checkpoints
In-memory capabilities infoIs there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.noyesyes
User concepts infoAccess controlnoAzure Active Directory AuthenticationAccess rights for users and roles; record level security configurableKey-based authenticationfine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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More resources
LevelDBMicrosoft Azure Data ExplorerOrientDBQdrantTimesTen
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