DBMS > LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Qdrant vs. RDFox vs. TimesTen

System Properties Comparison LevelDB vs. Microsoft Azure Cosmos DB vs. Qdrant vs. RDFox vs. TimesTen

Editorial information provided by DB-Engines

Name

Description

Embeddable fast key-value storage library that provides an ordered mapping from string keys to string values

Globally distributed, horizontally scalable, multi-model database service

A high-performance vector database with neural network or semantic-based matching

High performance knowledge graph and semantic reasoning engine

In-Memory RDBMS compatible to Oracle

Primary database model

Key-value store

Document store
Graph DBMS
Key-value store
Wide column store

Vector DBMS

Graph DBMS
RDF store

Relational DBMS

Secondary database models

Spatial DBMS

Relational DBMS

DB-Engines Ranking measures the popularity of database management systems
Trend Chart

Score	2.35
Rank	#111	Overall
	#19	Key-value stores

Score	29.04
Rank	#27	Overall
	#4	Document stores
	#2	Graph DBMS
	#3	Key-value stores
	#3	Wide column stores

Score	1.16
Rank	#175	Overall
	#6	Vector DBMS

Score	0.23
Rank	#308	Overall
	#25	Graph DBMS
	#14	RDF stores

Score	1.31
Rank	#163	Overall
	#74	Relational DBMS

Website

github.com/google/leveldb

azure.microsoft.com/services/cosmos-db

github.com/qdrant/qdrant
qdrant.tech

www.oxfordsemantic.tech

www.oracle.com/database/technologies/related/timesten.html

Technical documentation

github.com/google/leveldb/blob/main/doc/index.md

learn.microsoft.com/azure/cosmos-db

qdrant.tech/documentation

docs.oxfordsemantic.tech

docs.oracle.com/database/timesten-18.1

Developer

Google

Microsoft

Qdrant

Oxford Semantic Technologies

Oracle, TimesTen Performance Software, HP

originally founded in HP Labs it was acquired by Oracle in 2005

Initial release

2011

2014

2021

2017

1998

Current release

1.23, February 2021

6.0, Septermber 2022

11 Release 2 (11.2.2.8.0)

License

Commercial or Open Source

Open Source

BSD

commercial

Open Source

Apache Version 2.0

commercial

Cloud-based only

Only available as a cloud service

yes

DBaaS offerings (sponsored links)

Database as a Service

Providers of DBaaS offerings, please contact us to be listed.

Implementation language

C++

Rust

C++

Server operating systems

Illumos
Linux
OS X
Windows

hosted

Docker
Linux
macOS
Windows

Linux
macOS
Windows

AIX
HP-UX
Linux
OS X
Solaris SPARC/x86
Windows

Data scheme

schema-free

yes

RDF schemas

yes

Typing

predefined data types such as float or date

yes

JSON types

Numbers, Strings, Geo, Boolean

yes

XML support

Some form of processing data in XML format, e.g. support for XML data structures, and/or support for XPath, XQuery or XSLT.

Secondary indexes

yes

All properties auto-indexed by default

yes

Keywords, numberic ranges, geo, full-text

yes

SQL

Support of SQL

SQL-like query language

yes

APIs and other access methods

DocumentDB API
Graph API (Gremlin)
MongoDB API
RESTful HTTP API
Table API

gRPC
OpenAPI 3.0
RESTful HTTP/JSON API

OpenAPI 3.0

RESTful HTTP API
SPARQL 1.1

JDBC
ODBC
ODP.NET
Oracle Call Interface (OCI)

Supported programming languages

C++
Go
Java

3rd party binding
JavaScript (Node.js)

3rd party binding
Python

3rd party binding

.Net
C#
Java
JavaScript
JavaScript (Node.js)
MongoDB client drivers written for various programming languages
Python

.Net
Go
Java
JavaScript (Node.js)
Python
Rust

C
Java

C
C++
Java
PL/SQL

Server-side scripts

Stored procedures

JavaScript

PL/SQL

Triggers

JavaScript

Partitioning methods

Methods for storing different data on different nodes

none

Sharding

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Sharding

none

Replication methods

Methods for redundantly storing data on multiple nodes

none

yes

Implicit feature of the cloud service

Collection-level replication

replication via a shared file system

Multi-source replication
Source-replica replication

MapReduce

Offers an API for user-defined Map/Reduce methods

with Hadoop integration

Integration with Hadoop/HDInsight on Azure*

Consistency concepts

Methods to ensure consistency in a distributed system

Immediate Consistency

Bounded Staleness
Consistent Prefix
Eventual Consistency
Immediate Consistency

Consistency level configurable on request level
Session Consistency

Eventual Consistency, tunable consistency

Immediate Consistency in stand-alone mode, Eventual Consistency in replicated setups

Immediate Consistency or Eventual Consistency depending on configuration

Foreign keys

Referential integrity

yes

Transaction concepts

Support to ensure data integrity after non-atomic manipulations of data

Multi-item ACID transactions with snapshot isolation within a partition

ACID

Concurrency

Support for concurrent manipulation of data

yes

Durability

Support for making data persistent

yes

with automatic compression on writes

yes

by means of logfiles and checkpoints

In-memory capabilities

Is there an option to define some or all structures to be held in-memory only.

yes

User concepts

Access control

Access rights can be defined down to the item level

Key-based authentication

Roles, resources, and access types

fine grained access rights according to SQL-standard

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